双重被动句

句型[主语+被动式谓语+被动不定式+其他]

1.Thedateisexpectedtobeannouncedsoon.

2.Thegatewasorderedtobeclosedatnineo'clock.

3.Thebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutoftheroom.

4.Thesearmsaresupposedtohavebeenusedbypartisansduringtheanti-Japanesewar.

5.Thetaskisreportedtohavebeencompletedyesterday.

6.Theinstrumentsaresupposedtobeusedonlybyskilledworkers.

[注]H.W.Fowler说过,双重被动式,从文体学观点来看是应该尽量避免,因为从表面看来容易为类似的假象所混淆。如:(错)Thehousewasbeguntobebuilt.不是房子开始而是房子的建造开始。下列动词不适宜于本句型:attempt,decide,promise,seek,begin,hope,intend,propose,purpose,threaten等。

不可说:Theworkwasattemptedtobedonequickly.应当说:Anattemptwasmadetodotheworkquickly.

不可说:Hehasbeendecidedtobehelped.应当说:Ithasbeendecidedtohelphim.Ithasbeendecidedthatheshouldbehelped.

[附注]主动语态与被动语态互相转换时应注意的几点事项。

1)基本转换公式:省略。

2)转换时一般不得变更动词的时态。另下列各时式不能用于被动句中。

1.将来进行时2.现在完成进行时3.将来完成进行时4.过去完成进行时

3)被动句中by后接us,you,them,one时,by短语可以省略。

4)祈使句中使用被动式谓语很少见,以下各句可说是例外:Pleasebeseated.Betrustedratherthanfeared.

一般情况使用let帮助构成祈使句的被动语态。

Doonethingatatime.→Letonethingbedoneatatime.Givehimsomethingtoeat.→Letsomethingtoeatbegiven(to)him./→Lethimbegivensomethingtoeat.

5)在下列情况下,主动句不能转换成被动句。1.由于宾语的性质不用被动句:

A.当宾语是缺乏实义的代词it时,不能变,如:walkit,goit,fightitout

B.当宾语为反身代词时,不能变,如:(错)Himselfwasabsentedbyhim.

C.宾语前若有主语的物主代词时,不能变,如:(错)Hisfingeriscutbyhim.

D.当宾语是eachother或oneanother时不能变,如:(错)Eachotherishelpedbyus.

E.当宾语是不定式时,很少转用于被动句。不宜说:Togoiswantedbyme或Itiswantedbymetogo.

2.由于某些动词的性质不用被动句,这类动词有:become,befit,fail,last,resemble,suit,suffice,wish,disappear,lackwant,like,hate,possess,own,contain,have,happento,belongto,breakout,takeplace,setsail,shakehandswith,takepartin等。

3.当某些动宾关系十分紧密不可分割时不能变被动句。这种组合中的宾语大多表示工具、方式或结果,如:Sheleanedherelbowsonthetable.Hekeptsilence.Hetook(made)aflight.Theboydidnotloseheart.Nydiabowedhergratitude.

4.容易发生歧义的句子最好不用被动句,如:Thetalldoctorshookhishead.

6)有些被动句不能变成主动句,如:Hewaskilledinwar.Itissaidthatheisill.