Here&39;s a familiar story. You&39;re sitting at the dinner table with a furry, four-legged friend scratching at your feet. When you look down, those cute eyes are almost impossible to resist.

What is it about a dog&39;s gaze that makes it so charming? A new study by Japanese scientist Miho Nagasawa seems to have found the answer, and it has to do with something called the cuddle(爱抚)chemical.

The cuddle chemical has another, more scientific name: oxytocin. Oxytocin is a substance in the blood that encourages bonding. Levels of oxytocin increase, for example, when a mother feeds her newborn baby. According to Nagasawa&39;s study, the same is true when we look deeply into the eyes of a dog.

The results of this study can tell us a lot about the history of the bond between humans and dogs. It all started somewhere tens of thousands of years ago. Scientists believe that wolves used to follow humans who were hunting large animals. The wolves would eat the food left behind by the humans.

Humans realized that they could use the wolves to help with the hunt, and eventually both species began to work together toward survival.

Over time, the wolves that interacted with the humans began to change. They became more loyal to their human partners. The wolves and humans started to depend on each other and bond with each other. These changes are what caused some of the wolves to turn into what we now know as dogs, a new specie^ evolved to better survive in their environment.

This process depended a great deal on the bond humans formed with them. And according to Nagasawa&39;s study, this bond was formed with the help of oxytocin, the cuddle chemical.

11. What do we know about oxytocin?

A.It regulates blood flow

B.It promotes bonding

C.It is in the human gene

D.It is good for health

When we look deeply into a dog's eyes, the levels of our oxytocin ____.

A.reduce over time

B.go either up or down

C.are on the rise

D.remain unchanged

At the beginning wolves followed humans to ____.

A.eat the food left by humans

B.guard against large animals

C.take humans for food

D.hunt large animals together

Over time some wolves turned into dogs ____.

A.due to their loyalty

B.due to the changing environment

C.for better survival

D.for better cooperation

What does Nagasawa9s study aim to do?

A.Explore the role of human-wolf partnership

B.Show the characteristics of the cuddle chemical

C.Explain the bond between humans and dogs

D.Understand the evolution of species

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Red Nose Day (RND) is a well-known event in the UK. The aim of the day is to raise money for a charity called Comic Relief which helps people in need in Africa and in the UK.

Comic Relief was started in 1985 by the scriptwriter Richard Curtis. He wrote the famous films &39;Four Weddings and a Funeral&39; and &39;Notting Hill&39;. Richard&39;s idea to start Comic Relief was as a response to the severe famine in Ethiopia* It&39;s called Red "

Nose Day as on this day many people buy a plastic red nose to wear! The money made from selling red noses goes to the charity. Red Nose Day takes place every two years in the spring and is now so well established that many people consider it to be an unofficial. For example, many schools have non-uniform. days.

The slogan for the last RND was ‘Do Something Funny for Money&39; and the money that was collected helped to fund projects in the following areas, treating malaria(疟疾), education, and mental health. The BBC Red Nose Day program raised ￡74.3 million! Money-raising events take place all over the country and many schools participate. People also donate money by post, in banks, by phone using a credit card and online.

In the evening of Red Nose Day a telethon takes place on the BBC TV channels. It shows on and on a selection of the events of the day, as well as lots of comic sketches and reports of how the money raised will be spent. People also upload videos of local charity events on YouTube and Facebook.

So, if you are ever in the UK on Red Nose Day, now you know why you may find normal people wearing red noses and doing silly things! It&39;s all for a good cause.

16. Red Nose Day is ____.

A.a traditional holiday in the UK

B.a famous event in Britain

C.the helping center for poor people

D.the popular name of a charity

What does the passage say about Richard Curtis?

A.He likes, to wear a plastic red nose

B.He is a well-known film director

C.He started a charity in the 1980s

D.He was born in a poor family in Ethiopia

Which of the following is true about Red Nose Day?

A.It has become an official holiday

B.It takes place every year

C.It collects money from rich people

D.It attracts many schools to participate

What docs a 'telethon'(Para 5) probably refer to?

A.A television competition

B.A very long TV program

C.A money-raising party

D.A comic sketch party

Which of the following can be the title for this passage?

A.Comic Relief

B.BBC Telethon

C.Red Nose Day

D.Richard Curtis

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A group of 30 employees was working in a software company. This was a young and energetic team with keen enthusiasm and desire to learn and grow.

One day the team was called to play a game in a hall. As they entered the hail, they found the hall decorated beautifully with colourful decorative papers and balloons. It was more like a kid’s play area than a corporate meeting hall. Everyone was surprised and gazed at each other. Also, there was a huge box of balloons placed at the centre of the hall.

The team leader asked everyone to pick a balloon from the box an blow it. Then he asked them to write their names on their balloon carefully so that the balloons didn’t blow up.

Those who failed were ruled out of the game. Altogether 25 employees were qualified for the next level. All the balloons were collected and then put into a room.

The team leader asked the 25 employees to go to the room and pick the balloon with their own name on it. All 25 employees reached the room. While they were in a rush to find the respective balloons, they tried not to burst the balloons. It was almost 15 minutes and no one was able to find the balloon carrying his own name.

The team was told that the second level of the game was over.

Now it was the third and final level. The employees were asked to pick any balloon in the room and give it to the person named on the balloon. Within a couple of minutes ail balloons reacted the hands of the respective employee.

The team leader announced: This is called real solutions to the problems.

21. When the employees were called to play a game, they ____.

A.knew what game they were going to play

B.laughed at the idea of adults playing a game

C.had no idea what they were asked to do

D.looked forward to playing a kid’s game

At the first level of the game, each employee was asked to ____.

A.blow a balloon and write his name on it

B.put his name on a balloon and blow it

C.pick up a balloon with his name on it

D.write his name on a floating balloon

What does the software company aim to do?

A.Encourage its employees to learn from each other

B.Train its employees to face all kinds of challenges

C.Select the employees most suitable for their jobs

D.Teach its employees the importance of teamwork

How many employees failed the second level of the game?

A.30

B.25

C.15

D.5

The key to success at the third level of the game lies in ____.

A.thinking positively

B.helping each other

C.believing in oneself

D.increasing efficiency

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Sometimes I scratch my head when I read about the government&39; s efforts to improve schools:new standards and tests to be applied, strict teacher evaluations, and threats of school closures and job losses. They frighten the school employees, not to mention the students. Instead of making people unable to solve problems or try new ideas--which is what fear does to us--research on school reform. strongly suggests that policy-makers should encourage school leaders to take a more humane approach. In their study on the reform. efforts of twelve Chicago public schools, Bryk and Schneider found that enabling positive social relationships between the adults was the key to successful school improvement and that trust was at the heart of those relationships.

Trust in schools comes down to one thing:psychological safety or safety to speak one&39;s mind,to discuss with openness and honesty what is and isn&39; t working,to make collective decisions.

Yet this kind of safety doesn&39; t come easily to schools. According to Bryk and Schneider, the adults in school rely on each other to do their jobs correctly and with integrity （正直). The challeage is that our expectations are very diverse based on our unique backgrounds.

At one school where I taught, each teacher had different expectations about how much effort teachers should put into their work--a big difference between the teachers who left af~the last bell and those who worked into the evening. And when expectations are uncoasci or unspoken, it becomes impossible for others to live up to them.

We also make assumptions about the intentions behind a person&39; s behavior. As we all Imam,assumptions are often wrong. For example, parents and teachers my think the principal taml particular decision based on his career advancement rather than hat" s best for the studeata. don&39;t feel psychologically safe to question our assumptions and e~aecmtiatm, trust itiea am the window and our relationships suffer.

48. According to Paragraph 1,why does the author scratch his head?

A.Because he doesn’ t know what to do once schools are closed

B.Because he is not sure about the practicability of those new tests

C.Because he is concerned that many teachers will lose their jobs

D.Because he is not in favor of the government’ s reform efforts

According to Bryk and Schneider, what was most important for successful school improvemt?

A.New standards and tests in schools

B.Positive social relationships

C.Strict teacher and student evaluations

D.Assistance of the government

What is meant by trust in school?

A.Freedom to express one' s views

B.Extra effort teachers put into their work

C.Independence of the teachers in schools.

D.Unconscious and unspoken expectations

What does the author say about the assumptions made about the intentions behind a person's behavior?

A.They should be trusted

B.They are often bold

C.They are often incorrect

D.They should be encouraged

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An interesting project called Blue Zones is recording the lifestyle. secrets of the communities with the highest, hest concentrations of centenarians in the world.

The people in the five regions in Europe, Latin America,Asia and the US that live to be 100 have a lot going for them. Genes probably play a small role, but these folks also have strong social ties ,tightly-knit families and lots of opportunities to exercise.

As we were examining the dietary secrets of the Blue Zones, as described in author Dan Buettner" s latest book, The Blue Zones Solution, we were struck by how essential tea drinking is in these regions. In fact, Buettner&39; s Blue Zones Beverage Rule--a kind of guideline summarized from his 15 or so years of studying these places--is:" Drink coffee for breakfast, tea in the afternoon, wine at 5 p. tm"

Science has plenty to say about the healthful virtues of green tea. Researchers are most enthusi- astic almt the components in green tea, as well as foods like cocoa. Why might they help so many Okina~vans in Japan break 1007 Some components in green tea can lower the risk of stroke,heart disease attd several cancers. One review study also found that drinking green tea can slightly improve metabolism (新陈代谢).

If you find yourself on the island of Ikaria, the Greek Blue Zone in the middle of the Aegean, you won&39;t be offered any tea made with tea leaves. Instead, Ikarians typically make their daily cup of tea with just one fresh herb that they have picked themselves that day--either rosemary, wild sage,oregano,nmrjotmn,mint or dandelion,all plants that may have anti-inflammatory (消炎的) properties, which may help lower blood pressure. This could explain Ikaria&39; s very low dementia (痴呆) rate,since high blood pressure is a risk factor for the disease.

52. What does the underlined word "centenarians" in Paragraph 1 refer to?

A.People who have secret lifestyles

B.People who enjoy physical exercise

C.People who are one hundred years old or older

D.People who carry the gene for being slim

What may the tea Ikarians drink daily help?

A.To improve metabolism

B.To lower blood pressure

C.To lower life stress

D.To improve social relationships

According to Paragraph 3 ,what is the recommended time for tea drinking?

A.In the morning

B.Any time of a day

C.In the early evening

D.In the afternoon

What might be the best title of the passage?

A.Tea-Drinking Tips

B.Lifestyle Secrets of Ikarians

C.Tea-Drinking Ceremony in Okinawa

D.Blue Zones Solutions

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寄生虫病的传播途径是指寄生虫从传染源排出，在外界或中间宿主体内发育至感染期后，借助于某些途径，进入另一宿主的全过程。囊虫病主要的传播途径是

A、经土壤传播

B、经食物传播

C、经接触疫水传播

D、经饮用水传播

E、经节肢动物传播

丝虫病主要的传播途径是

A、经土壤传播

B、经食物传播

C、经接触疫水传播

D、经白蛉传播

E、经蚊虫传播

血吸虫病主要的传播途径是

A、经土壤传播

B、经食物传播

C、经接触疫水传播

D、经饮用水传播

E、经节肢动物传播

男，65岁，患慢性充血性心衰和骨质疏松症，长期口服地高辛片剂和钙片，因眩晕、头痛伴心律失常入院，血清地高辛浓度为1．8ng／ml该患者最可能的诊断是

A、心衰发作

B、眩晕症

C、地高辛中毒

D、骨质增生症

E、颈椎病

离子选择电极法检测血清［Ca2+］=3．1mmol／L，血清［K+］=4．0mmol／L，此结果提示

A、高钙血症

B、低钙血症

C、高钾血症

D、低钾血症

E、电解质正常

由上述结果提示患者的发病原因是

A、高钙血症时，心肌对地高辛的敏感性降低，在治疗浓度范围内药效降低

B、高钙血症时，心肌对地高辛的敏感性提高，在治疗浓度范围内发生中毒反应

C、低钾血症时，心肌对地高辛的敏感性降低，在治疗浓度范围内药效降低

D、高钾血症时，心肌对地高辛的敏感性降低，在治疗浓度范围内药效降低

E、地高辛与钙剂作用拮抗

检测血清地高辛浓度的标本取样时间最好在

A、服药后8小时以上

B、服药后36小时以上

C、连续用药10天以上达稳态后某次用药前

D、连续用药10天以上达稳态后某次用药后

E、随机取样

男性，33岁，秘书，身高176cm，体重89kg，空腹血糖7.2mmol/L，血三酰甘油4.32mmol/L，胆固醇4.7mmol/L，尿酸1.2mmol/L。该患者的BMI是( )。

A、22.2

B、25

C、27.5

D、28.7

E、29.6

实施减体重治疗时，适宜的热能供给量是( )。

A、5～10kcal/(kg·d)

B、15～20kcal/(kg·d)

C、25～30kcal/(kg·d)

D、30～35kcal/(kg·d)

E、40～50kcal/(kg·d)

该患者宜选择的食物是( )。

A、豆腐、香菇

B、牛奶、鸡蛋

C、肉汤、沙丁鱼

D、辣椒、土豆

E、酸奶、猪肝

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一份烹调油交换份是多少克( )。

A.90

B.25

C.500

D.10

E.50

一份粮食交换份提供的能量是多少千卡( )。

A.90

B.25

C.500

D.10

E.50

一份粮食交换份是多少克( )。

A.90

B.25

C.500

D.10

E.50

一份肉蛋类交换份是多少克( )。

A.90

B.25

C.500

D.10

E.50

一份蔬菜食品交换份是多少克( )。

A.90

B.25

C.500

D.10

E.50

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

10月23日和24日晚间9点以后某医院急诊室先后有同样症状的急性胃肠炎患者多人求治。经查，所有患者均在患病当天傍晚于同一食品店买回熟猪头肉同家属共进晚餐。家属中未吃该肉的未生病。多数患者在进食后2h发病，出现恶心、呕吐，呕吐最多为20次～30次，并有胆汁。半数患者有腹泻，一般3次～4次，最多的约10次，腹泻物均为水样便或稀便。所有患者神志清醒，均无发烧。病程1日～3日内恢复，无一例死亡。若疑为食物中毒，应高度怀疑为( )。

A、沙门菌属食物中毒

B、副溶血性弧菌食物中毒

C、肉毒梭菌食物中毒

D、葡萄球菌食物中毒

E、大肠埃希菌食物中毒

医师已收集到患者的呕吐物及剩余食品，进一步的主要工作是( )。

A、问病史

B、体检

C、抽血

D、送检收集到的样品

E、给病人胸透

你认为实验室检查最重要的是( )。

A、血常规

B、尿常规

C、血生化10项

D、尿7项

E、细菌培养

最有效的治疗措施之一是( )。

A、用进口抗生素

B、用大量抗生素

C、尽早使用抗毒血清

D、尽早使用镇静剂

E、补充电解质

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！