(1)as,like

as表示"作为"强调身份,like(介词)表示"像"

Asateacher,hecaresforthesechildren.

Likeateacher,hecaresforthesechildren.

(2)with,in

with表示"外貌特征或附带的东西","用……作工具"

in表示"衣着""用某语言",在固定搭配中也可用in

Amanwithdarkglasseswantedtobuydrinks.

Amaninblackwantedtobuydrinks.

Theboyislearningtowriteinpencil/withapencil.

HeretoldthetextinEnglish.

(3)for,to

for表示"为了."

To表示动作对象,"对,向."如:

Hewoulddoanythingforhismotherland.

Didyoumentionthistomyfather?

你对我父亲提起过这件事吗?

for表示"就某情况而说",to表示一"对某对象而言"如:

It'squitewarmtodayforFebruary.就二月的天气,今天够暖和的。

Whathetoldyoujustnowwasnotnewtome

他刚才对你所说的话对我并不新鲜

for表示"目的,用途"。与go,come动词连用

(4)except,besides

except表示"从总体中排除一部分",与bat同义,besides表示"除了一部分还有另一部分"

Weallfailedexcepthim.我们都失败了,但他没有。

HespeaksGermanbesidesFrench.他懂法外还会讲英语。

(5)on,about关于

on表示这本书、文章、演说是严肃的学术性的,供专门研究这一问题的人阅读;

about表示内容较为普通,不那么正式。

例句:Therewillbealectureoneconomicsthisafternoon.

Heiswritingabookoncooking.

Hetoldmealotabouthislifeinthesummervocation.

(6)by,with,in表示方法、手段、工具

by以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具;

with表示用…工具、手段,一般接具体的工具和手段;

in表示用…方式,用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等;

例句:Hemakesalivingbysellingnewspapers.

Hebrokethewindowwithastone.

TheforeignerspoketousinEnglish.

(7)except,besides除了

except除……之外,不包括在内;

besides除……之外,包括在内。

例句:ExceptMr.Wang,wewenttoseethefilm.(王先生没去)

BesidesMr.Wang,wealsowenttoseethefilm.(王先生也去了)

(8)注意成对介词的用法:

getinto(outof)thecar,geton(off)thebus,jumponto(off)theplatform,outof

(9)介词和名词动词等有不少固定搭配和习惯用法:

toone'ssurprise/joy,inchargeof,insteadof,inbed(hospital),introuble,inahurry,insurprise,withasmile,withonevoice,accordingto,atonce,ontime,intime,inall,athome,(school,work),atlast,atleast,intheend,bytheway,forexample,atthesametime,atthesamespeed,onone'sway(to),inthesun,onthefootballteam,inline,withthehelpof,inred/green…puton,lookfor,lookafter,runafter,sendfor,enterfor,payfor,show…around,listento,arrivein/at,getto,agreewith,succeedin,thinkof(about),waitfor,arriveat/in(到达…),onfoot(步行),not…atall(根本不),tothenorthof(在…以北),intheeastof(在…的东部),inthenight(在夜间),atnight(在晚上),beafraidof(害怕…),befullof(充满/装满….),befilledwith(充满/装满….),begood/badfor(对…有益/有害),bemadeof(由…做成),bemadefrom(由…制造),playwith(玩耍……),lookoutof(朝…外面看),attheendof(在…末梢/结束时),bytheendof(不迟于…/到…末为止),withthehelpof或withone'shelp(在…的帮助下),lookafter(照料…),lookfor(寻找…),onabike(=bybike)骑车,helpsb.with(帮某人做…),geton(well)with(与某人相处[融洽]),