[误]Wegottothetopofthemountainindaybreak.

[正]Wegottothetopofthemountainatdaybreak.

[析]at用于具体时刻之前，如：sunrise，midday，noon，sunset，midnight，night.

[误]Don’tsleepatdaytime

[正]Don’tsleepindaytime.

[析]in要用于较长的一段时间之内，如：inthemorning/afternoon，或intheweek/month/year.或inspring/supper/autumn/winter等等。

[误]WevisitedtheoldmaninSundayafternoon.

[正]WevisitedtheoldmanonSundayafternoon.

[析]inthemorning，intheafternoon如果在这两个短语中加入任何修饰词其前面的介词都要改为on，如：onacoldmorning，onthemorningofJuly14th

[误]Hebecameawritterathistwenties

[正]Hebecameawritterinhistwenties

[析]这句话应译为：他在20多岁时就成了作家。在某人的一段生活时间段中要用介词in来表示，而在具体岁数时用at来表示。

[误]HewenttoNewYorktofindajobinsixteenyearsold.

[正]HewenttoNewYorktofindajobatsixteen.

[析]在具体年岁前用at，如：attheageof12，atyourage，等等。

[误]Wewenttoswimintheriverinaveryhotday.

[正]Wewenttoswimintheriveronaveryhotday.

[析]具体某一天要用介词on，又如：onNewYear‘sDay

[误]I’mlookingforwardtoseeingyouonChristmas.

[正]I’mlookingforwardtoseeingyouatChristmas.

[析]在节日的当天用on，而全部节日期间用at，Christmas是圣诞节期间，一般要有两周或更长的时间。

[误]Ihaven’tseeyouduringthesummerholidays.

[正]Ihaven’tseenyousincethebeginningofthesummerholidays.

[析]during表示在某一段时间之内，所以一般不与完成时搭配，如：Ivisitedalotofmuseumsduringtheholiday.而for表示一段时间，可以用于完成时，如：Ihaven‘tseeyouforalongtime.而through用来表示时间时则为“整整，全部的时间”。如：Itrainedthroughthenight.而since则是表达主句动作的起始时间，一般要与完成时连用。

[误]Atenteringtheclassroom，Iheardthegoodnews.

[正]Onenteringtheclassroom，Iheardthegoodnews.

[析]On加动名词表示“一……就”。本句的译文应是：我一进入教室就听见这个好消息了。又如：onhearing…一听见，onarrival一到达就……(on表示动作的名词)

[误]Inthebeginningofthebook，therearesomeinterestingstories.

[正]Atthebeginningofthebook，therearesomeinterestingstories.

[析]atthebegining与attheend都是指某事物的开始与结束部分，均不指时间范围，而inthebeginning则是指开始一段时间。intheend=atlast是指“最终，终于”之意。

[误]Tilltheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.

[正]Bytheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.

[析]by引起的时间状语表示了动作的截止点，其意思为“不迟于某一时刻将工作做完”，所以主句一般是完成时态。当然可以有将来时态，如：I‘llbetherebyfiveo’clock.而till则表达其一动作一直持续到某一时刻，但句中的动词一定要用持续性动词，而瞬间的截止性动词应用其否定句式，如：Iwon‘tfinishthisworktill(until)nextweekend.

[误]HecametoLondonbeforelastweekend.

[正]HehadcometoLondonbeforelastweekend.

[正]HecametoLondontwoweeksago.

[析]before一般要与完成时连用，而ago则与一般过去时连用。

[误]IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearsginceIhadcomehere.

[正]IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearssinceIcamehere.

[析]since用来表达主句动作的开始时间，所以其引出的从句中应为过去时，而不能用完成时态

[误]Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitaftertwohours.

[正]Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitintwohours.

[析]中文经常讲两小时之后来取，两天内会修好，而这个介词在英文中要用in而不要用after.其原因有二，①after多用于过去时，如：IarrivedinNewYork.Afterthreedays，Ifoundajobinthebank.②after加时间是表达一个不确定的时间范围，如：afterthreedays，即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在许诺若干时间内会完成某事时，一定要用介词in.

[误]Threedaysafterhedied.

[正]Afterthreedayshedied.

[正]Threedayslaterhedied.

[析]after与later都可以用来表达一段时间之后，但它们所处的位置不同，after在时间词前，而later在时间词后。

[误]Shehidherselfafterthetree.

[正]Shehidherselfbehindthetree.

[析]after多用来表达某动作之后，所以有的语法书中称它为动态介词，如：Irunafterhim.Afterfinishingmyhomework，Iwenttoseeafilm.而behind则多用于静态事物之后。

[误]Thereisabeautifulbirdonthetree.

[正]Thereisabeautifulbirdinthetree.

[析]树上长出的果实，树叶要用on，而其他外来的人、物体均要用inthetree.

[误]ShanghaiisontheeastofChina.

[正]ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.

[析]在表达地理位置时有3个介词：in，on，to.in表示在某范围之内;on表示与某地区接壤;to则表示不相接。如：JapanistotheeastofChina.

[误]IarrivedatNewYorkonJuly2nd.

[正]IarrivedinNewYorkonJuly2nd.

[析]at用来表达较小的地方，而in用来表达较大的地方。at常用于attheschoolgate，athome，atabusstop，atthestation，atthecinema，atasmallvillage.

[误]HelivedinNo.3BeijingRoad.

[正]HelivedatNo.3BeijingRoad.

[析]在门牌号码前要用at，并要注意它的惯用法：attheendofthestreet，atthefootofthemountain，atthetopofthepage.

[误]ThereisacolourTVsetatthecornerofthehall.

[正]ThereisacolourTVsetinthecornerofthehall.

[析]在屋内的角落应用in，而墙的外角用at，如：Thereisatreeatthecornerofthestreet.

[误]ThisweekendI’llstayinUncleWang’s.

[正]ThisweekendI’llstayatUncleWang’s.

[析]要注意英文的特殊表达法，如：atatailor’sshop(裁缝店)=atatailor’s，atthedoctor’s(去看病)atthebookseller’s(在书店)atuncleWang’s(在王叔叔家)

[误]Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsontoday’snewspaper?

[正]Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsintoday’snewspaper?

[析]在报纸上的新闻要用in，而在具体某一版上，或某一页上则要用on.

[误]TheschoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.

[正]SchoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.

[析]这里的school应看作不可数名词泛指学校的课程，即开学之意。要注意，有些活动场所当表达正在从事该种活动时不要加冠词，如：attable(吃饭)，WhenIcametoTom’shome，theywereattable.还有：atdesk(学习)，atwork(工作)atschool(上学)，inhospital(住医院)atchurch作礼拜如加上定冠词则另有他意，如：attheschool即在学校工作或办事，inthehospital即在医院工作或去看望病人。

[误]Inmywaytothestation，Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.

[正]Onmywaytothestation，Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.

[析]译文为：在去车站的路上我买了份报纸，为的是消磨时光“在……的路上”应用onone‘sway…。而intheway有挡道之意，如：Pleasemovethechairitisintheway.

[误]Look，thedoorisopen，Maybesomeonebrokeinto.

[正]Look，thedoorisopen，Maybesomeonebrokein.

[正]Look，thedoorisopen，Maybesomeonebrokeintotheoffice.

[析]in是表达一个静止状态，在与break连用时其后不加介词宾语，而into则是动态介词，与break连用时要加介词宾语。

[误]I’llleaveBeijingtoShanghaitomorrow.

[正]I’llleaveBeijingforShanghai.

[正]I’llleaveforShanghai.

[析]leavefor是离开某地去某处的固定搭配，不可将for改为别的介词。这样的搭配还有：startfor动身前往某处，setoutfor，sailfor.

[误]I’msorry.Ihavetogetoutthebusatnextstop.

[正]I’msorry.Ihavetogetoutofthebusatnextstop.

[析]getin，与getout是两个相反的词组。getin为上车，而getout为下车，但语法家认为这里的in与out为副词，所以其后不能接名词，我们可以讲We’dbettergetin.或We’dbettergetout.还有一组词组有关上下车：geton/off(atrain，aship，astruck)getinto/outof(acar，taxi…)

[误]BecarefulThetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesoverzero.

[正]Becareful.Thetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesabovezero.

[析]over与above在作为比某物高的意思时有时可以互换。但在垂直方向上的高矮时，即正上方时则要用above.而泛指上方时用over.

[误]Thereisanoldstonebridgeabovetheriver.

[正]Thereisanoldstonebridgeovertheriver.

[析]over还有一意为“跨越，横跨”。

[误]TheDeadSeaisunderthesealevel.

[正]TheDeadSeaisbelowthesealevel.

[析]在垂直下方要用below.也就是讲above与below互为反意词，over与under也是反意词。

[误]Thereisabigtreeinthefrontofthehouse.

[正]Thereisabigtreeinfrontofthehouse.

[析]infrontof是在物体外部的前面，而inthefrontof是在物体内部的前面，如：Thedriversitsinthefrontofthebus.

[误]Ittookthemtwodaystowalkacrosstheforest.

[正]Ittookthemtwodaystowalkthroughtheforest.

[析]across作为介词有两个主要意思：①横过，如：Iwanttowalkacrossthestreet.②对面，如：Thereisapostofficeacrossthestreet，而through多用于三维空间中的穿越。across则多用于平面上的横过。如：Thelittlegirlranacrosstheroomtomeethermother.

[误]Thesunsetstowardthewest.

[正]Thesunsetsinthewest.

[析]towards也可用作toward，它主要表达朝向某方向运动，但不一定到达，如：Herantoward(s)themountain.而在表示方位east，west，north，south时，其前面要用in.要注意的是这4个词可以用作副词，如：Iwentsouth.也可用作名词，如：Iwenttothesouth.也可用作形容词，如：IwenttothesouthpartofChina.

[误]Doyouhavenootherclothesexceptthose?

[正]Doyouhavenootherclothesbesidesthose?

[析]beside是“在……旁边”，如：Thestudentsstoodbesidetheirteachers.而besides是“除……之外，不仅……而且……，除了……以外还有……”，如：IstudiedEnglishbesidesFrench，whenIwasincollege.而except则是从同一类物体中去掉某一部分，如：IcomehereeverydayexceptSunday.而exceptfor是指去掉不同种类的事物，如：Theroomiscleanexceptfortwochairs.而exceptthat则要加从句。

[误]CanIwritetheexampaperwithink?

[正]CanIwritetheexampaperwithapen?

[正]CanIwritetheexampaperinink?

[析]with后要加拿得起来放得下的工具，而墨水、颜料等原料则要用in.

[误]I’mearliertoday.Icameherebyhiscar.

[正]I’mearliertoday.Icamehereinhiscar.

[析]在交通工具前加介词by，但不能再有任何指示代词或冠词，否则要改换相应的介词。bytaxi=inataxi

bytrain=inatrain

bybicycle=onabicycle

byship=onaship

byboat=inaboat

bybus=onabus

byplane=onaplane

byair空运

byland陆运

bysea海运

onfootonhorseback

byphonebyletterbyradio

byairmailbyhand

[误]AlotofFrenchwinesaremadeofgrape.

[正]AlotofFrenchwinesaremadefromgrape.

[析]madeof是指由原材料到成品过程中原材料未发生质地的变化，而发生了某种变化则要用from，如：Thedeskwasmadeofhardwood.

[误]ThisisagooddictionaryinEnglishgrammar.

[正]ThisisagooddictionaryonEnglishgrammar.

[析]关于某方面的书籍、报告等有两个介词，其中on表示某专业用书，about则为某方面的普通读物，如：Thisisabookaboutphysics.即物理科普知识。

[误]Doyouhavethekeyofthedoor.

[正]Doyouhavethekeytothedoor.

[析]keytothedoor门的钥匙。相同用法还有answertothequestion，entrancetothehighway，dangertohealth.千万不要用of.

[误]TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestofcollectingstamps.

[正]TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestincollectingstamps.

[析]haveinterestin是在某方面有兴趣。

[误]Ididn’tdomyhomework，sotheteacherwasangrytome.

[正]Ididn’tdomyhomework，sotheteacherwasangrywithme.

[析]beangrywith其后接人，而beangryat其后接事。如：Hewasangryatwhatshesaid.

[误]Hewasgoodforskating.

[正]Hewasgoodatskating.

[析]begoodat为“擅长某事”，而begoodforsomebody为对某人很好。

[误]Itwasgoodtoyoutohelpmylittleboy.

[正]Itwasgoodofyoutohelpmylittleboy.

[析]这句话应译为：你真太好了，帮助了我的小孩。而begoodtosomebody是对某人态度好。如：Hermotherisgoodtoeveryone.

[误]Myparentswereverypleasedatme.

[正]Myparentswereverypleasedwithme.

[正]Myparentswereverypleasedatmystudying.

[析]bepleasedwith后加somebody，而bepleasedat后加something.

[误]Heisagreewithme.

[正]Heagreeswithme.

[误]Heagainstsme.

[正]Heisagainstme.

[析]同意agree为动词，而反对against则为介词。在使用中一定要注意。

[误]Ihaven’theardlettersfromhim.

[正]Ihaven’theardfromhim.

[析]hearfrom即为：从某人处得到信件。不要再加letter了。

[误]Teacher.MayIcallatyouthisweekend?

[正]Teacher.MayIcallonyouthisweekend?

[析]作为“拜访”讲callat其后接地点，如：MayIcallatyourhomethisweekend?而callon其后接人。

[误]Doyouknowthegirlonwhite?

[正]Doyouknowthegirlinwhite?

[析]inwhite为穿一身白。与in有关的词组有：inbed(睡觉)，inhospital(住院)，inahurry(匆匆忙忙)，indanger(危险中)，injoy(高兴)，ingoodhealth(身体好)，inlove(恋爱)，introuble(困境)，与之相反的是outof，如：outoftrouble(摆脱困境)，outofdate(过时了)，outoforder(出故障)

[误]Helookedatmeatsurprise.

[正]Helookedatmeinsurprise.

[析]surprise的用法一般有三种。①用于句首，Toone’ssurprise，如：Tomysurprisehesucceeded.②besurprisedat，如：Iwassurprisedatthenews.③用于句尾insurprise.

[误]Shedidn’tcometoschoolbecauseofshewasill.

[正]Shedidn’tcometoschoolbecauseshewasill.

[析]becauseof后接名词，如：Thegamewasputoffbecauseoftherain.