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解答题

写信(40points)

Writealetteraccordingtothefollowingsituation:theWenchuanearthquakehasmadethiswinterextremelydifficultforthevictims.WritetotellyourfriendSmiththatyouareraisingmoneytobuy200piecesofcotton-paddedclothingandsomeothernecessitiesfortheearthquakevictims.Askhimtojointhecharityandshowyourappreciationsforhishelp.Don’tforgettotellhimyourphonenumber555-5555forfurtherdiscussion.PleasesignyournameasLiPing.(150-200words)

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题目答案

Dear Smith,

Oct. 26, 2008

I am writing to ask if you could join a charity that I am organizing for the Wenchuan earthquake victims before the winter approaches.

As you know, the Wenchuan earthquake occurred on Mary 12 this year, claiming tens of thousands of lives in SichuanProvince and leaving millions of people homeless there. Tents, food, quilts, clothes and other necessities are still badly needed for the victims in the quake-hit areas.

My friends and I are striving to raise sufficient money to buy 200 pieces of cotton-padded clothing and some other necessities, which certainly will be of great help to the victims in the coming winter. The quake has made this winter on exceptionally trying one for the quake victims. Any donations will be highly appreciated.

If it ’s convenient, please reach me at 555-5555 for further discussion.

Sincerely Yours,

Li Ping

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解答题

Theagriculturalrevolutioninthe19thcenturyinvolvedtwothings:theinventionoflabor-savingmachineryandthedeyelopmentofscientificagriculture.Labor-savingmachinerynaturallyappearedfirstwherelaborwasscarce.“InEurope,”saidThomasJefferson,“theobjectistomakethemostoftheirland,laborbeingabundant:hereitistomakethemostofourlabor,landbeingabundant.”ItwasinAmerica,therefore,thatthegreatadvancesin19thcenturyagriculturalmachineryfirstcame.

Attheopeningofthecentury,withtheexceptionofacrudeplowfarmerscouldhavecarriedpracicallyalloftheexistingagriculturalimplementsontheirbacks;by1860,mostofthemachineryinusetodayhadbeendesignedinanearlyform.Themostimportantoftheearlyinventionswastheironplow.Asearlyas1790CharlesNewboldofNewJerseyhadbeenworkingontheideaofacast-ironplowandspenthisentirefortuneinintrodueinghisinvention.Thefarmers,however,wouldhavenoneofit,claimingthattheironpoisonedthesoilandmadetheweedsgrow.Nevertheless,manypeopledevotedtheirattentiontotheplow,untilin1869JamesOliverofSouthBend,Indiana,turnedoutthefirstchilled-stillplow.?

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

a.Theneedforagriculturaladvancestohelpfeedagrowingpopulation.

b.Thedevelopmentofsafermachinesdemandedbythelabormovement.

c.Machinerythatcontributedtotheagriculturalrevolution.

d.NewJerseyasaleaderintheagriculturalrevolution.

2.Theexpression“makethemostof”inLine4isclosestinmeaningtowhichofthefollowing?

a.getthebestyieldfrom

b.raisethepriceof

c.makefulluseof

d.earnalivingon

3.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromwhatThomasJeffersonsaid?

a.EuropewaschangingmorequicklythanAmerica.

b.EuropehadgreaterneedoffarmmachinerythanAmericadid.

c.Americawasfinallyrnningoutofgoodfarmland.

d.TherewasashortageofworkersonAmericanfarm.

4.Itcanbeinferredthatthewaord“here”inLine4refersto_____.a.Europe

b.America

c.NewJersey

d.Indiana

5.Whatpointistheautormakingbystatingthatfarmerscouldcarrynearlyalltheirtoolsontheirbacks?

a.Farmershadfewtoolsbeforetheagriculturalrevolution

b.Americansweretraditionallyself-reliant.

c.Lifeonthefarmwasextremelydifficult.

d.Newtoolsweredesignedtobeportable.

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题目答案

1.c 2.c 3.d 4.b 5.a

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解答题

名词解释:营养性缺铁性贫血

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题目答案

为体内缺乏铁质,致使血红蛋白合成减少而引起的一种小细胞低色素性贫血。

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解答题

名词解释:围生期

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题目答案

是指妊娠第28周—生后7天内的新生儿

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解答题

名词解释:急性咽一结合膜热

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题目答案

为腺病毒引起,可呈小流行,多发生在春夏季。临床特点为发热.咽炎和眼-结合膜炎为特征,多为高热.咽痛.咽部疼痛或不适同时存在。可导致球结膜出血,颈部或耳后淋巴结肿大。

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解答题

名词解释:艾森曼格(Eisenmenger)综合征。

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左向右分流型先天性心脏病病程进展到晚期,由于肺循环血量长期大量增多,压力增高,使肺小动脉管壁平滑肌增生.内膜增厚而产生梗阻型肺动脉高压,血液自右逆向左分流,机体出现永久性紫绀时,则称为艾森门格(Eisenmenger)综合

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解答题

名词解释:肾病综合症

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题目答案

由多种病因引起的肾小球基底膜通透性增高,导致血浆内大量蛋白质从尿液中丢失的临床综合征。临床特征为大量蛋白尿.低蛋白血症.高脂血症和不同程度水肿。

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解答题

急性肾炎的典型表现有哪些?

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题目答案

(1)水肿,少尿。水肿起始于眼睑,晨起尤甚,呈非凹陷性;

(2)血尿。程度不一,有镜下血尿和肉眼血尿之分;

(3)高血压。

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解答题

为什么说母乳是婴儿最理想的食品?

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题目答案

(1)营养物质丰富,比例恰当,易于消化吸收;

(2)钙磷比例呈2:1,较少发生佝偻病;

(3)免疫物质多,可增强婴儿抵抗力;

(4)可促进婴儿大脑发育;

(5)清洁无菌,喂哺方法简便,经济,亦可增进母婴感情。

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解答题

请说出腹泻患儿的护理措施?

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题目答案

(1)合理喂养,调整饮食。

(2)遵医嘱正确输液,纠正水电解质紊乱。正确使用药物,做好药物护理。

(3)做好消毒隔离,防防止交叉感染。;

(4)注重臀部护理,保持皮肤完整性;

(5)密切观察病情;

(6)进行健康教育。

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解答题

病例分析。

患儿.男.5岁。3周前患扁桃体炎,近日有眼睑水肿.少尿.尿液呈洗肉水样。今因头痛.恶心.呕吐1天,抽搐4小时入院。体查:T36.80C,P:130次/分,Bp:150/105mmHg。浅昏迷,双瞳等大等圆,直径3mm,对光反射迟钝,心.肺.腹无异常,双侧巴氏征阳性,脑脊液外观清,蛋白(+),白细胞10×106/L,血液检查:ASO增高,血沉增快,C3降低。

请问:1.该患儿可能的临床诊断?

2.该患儿的主要护理诊断(请写2个)

3.主要的护理措施有哪些?

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题目答案

1.可能的临床诊断:急性肾小球肾炎并高血压脑病

2.主要的护理诊断:体液过多.营养失调.皮肤完整性受损.感染和潜在并发症

3.主要护理措施:

(1)指导休息:卧床休息2周;水肿消退.血压正常.肉眼血尿消失,下床轻微活动;离心尿≤RBC10个/HP,血沉正常上学,避免体育活动;尿常规正常后3月,或Addis计数正常恢复正常活动。

(2)饮食护理:急性期限制钠.钾.蛋白质.水摄入。低盐.高热量高维生素。尿量增加.水肿消退.血压正常,恢复正常饮食。

(3)皮肤护理:预防皮肤损伤.感染和压疮。

(3)应用激素期间注意观察尿量.体重和血清蛋白的变化及激素的副作用。利尿降血药时观察药物效果及副作用,新鲜配制(放置4h后不能使用).避光.准确控制液速及浓度。

(4)观察病情:观察尿量尿色,记者24小时出入水量,观察血压.呼吸.心率.脉搏变化。

(5)预防感染,实施保护性隔离。

(6)做好心理护理和健康教育。

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