B

Having a husband means an extra seven hours of housework each week for women, according to a new study. For men, getting married saves an hour of housework a week. “It’s a well-known pattern,” said lead researcher Frank Stafford at University of Michigan’s Institute for Social Research. “Men usually work more outside the home, while women take on more of the housework.”

He points out that differences among households（家庭）exist. But in general, marriage means more housework for women and less for men. “And the situation gets worse for women when they have children,” Stafford said.

Overall, times are changing in the American home. In 1976, women busied themselves with 26 weekly hours of sweeping-and-dusting work, compared with 17 hours in 2005. Men are taking on more housework, more than doubling their housework hours from six in 1976 to 13 in 2005.

Single women in their 20s and 30s did the least housework, about 12 weekly hours, while married women in their 60s and 70s did the most-about 21 hours a week.

Men showed a somewhat different pattern, with older men picking up the broom more often than younger men. Single men worked the hardest around the house, more than that of all other age groups of married men.

Having children increases housework even further. With more than three children, for example, wives took on more of the extra work, clocking about 28 hours a week compared with husbands’10 hours.

45. According to the “well-known pattern” in Paragraph 1, a married man___________.

How many hours of housework did men do every week in the 1970s?

According to the last paragraph, it is important to____________.

合点受精是指双受精发生在合点处。( )

What kind of man is doing most housework according to the text?

According to the text, lungfish can________

二、（9分，每小题3分）

阅读下面的文字，完成5—7题。

书画的装裱

书画装裱是伴随着书画创作产生和发展的一种特殊的工艺。

至迟在两晋时代，书画装裱进入初创时期，在选材、样式及技法上还并不完善。南北朝时，书画装裱有了初步发展，产生了卷轴这种装裱样式。 唐代，以人物、山水、楼宇为题材的大幅绘画勃然兴起，书画装裱获得了很大发展，产生了卷轴和册页这两种新的装裱样式。五代历史非常短暂，但绘画艺术却取得了明显的进步，对后世产生了深远的影响。这一时期，由于画绢幅面的扩大，大型绘画的创作成为可能。一些作品成为屏风的装饰，而后人可能在屏风修理过程中，将其以单幅作品的形式进行装裱和收藏。

宋代书画名家层出不穷，书画装裱飞跃发展。宋代帝王十分喜好书画，在宫廷内设立翰林图书院，以奉绘事；同时又设立装裱书画的作坊，制定装裱书画的格式。此时，书画装裱工艺进入成熟阶段，装裱样式有了新的发展，产生了著名的“宣和装”手卷。随着丝织技术的发展，各种质地花纹的织物为书画装裱提供了丰富的物质基础，被广泛用作装裱材料。不过，著名书画家米芾认为：绢比纸耐磨，书画展开和卷起过程中二者的相互摩擦容易导致书画磨损。因而，他主张以纸来托裱书画，他的这种观点对后世书画的保存产生了重要影响。

明代是我国绘画发展的重要时期，书画装裱进入发展的黄金时期。明朝皇帝把仁智殿作为御用画院，并设立了专门从事书画装裱的机构。此时，江南地区出现了一批通晓诗文书画的文人雅士，文人画有了很大的发展。在这种背景下，以苏州为发祥地的“苏裱”开始兴起并广受推崇，书画装裱出现了“普天之下独逊吴中”的景象。在书画装裱样式方面，原有的手卷、册页等在装裱样式上更加完备，挂轴画已经基本定型并开始普及，万历年间在挂轴的基础上，产生了对联这种新的装裱样式。在装裱理论方面，周嘉胄所著的《装潢志》成为中国历史上第一部专门的书画装裱理论著作。

书画装裱因为所在的地区以及使用的工具、材料的不同，加上装裱格调、工艺的差异，形成了不同的流派和风格。清代出现的“京裱”与“苏裱” 并称为中国书画装裱的两个主要流派。“京裱”古朴庄重，讲求防燥、防裂；“苏裱”工艺精湛，用料考究，讲求防霉、防蛀，直至今日，这两个流派仍然影响着中国的书画装裱。

书画装裱能够更好地表现书画的艺术魅力，使书画得以长期保存，对繁荣传统文化发挥着独特作用。《五牛图》《清明上河图》等珍贵名画能够幸存至今，很大程度上是经过装裱与修复的缘故。

5、下列关于“书画装裱”的理解，不符合原文意思的一项是

叶片较大而薄，表皮的角质层薄气孔较少，是( )叶的特点。

人们通常食用芹菜的( )。

仙人掌上的刺是( )。