外研版初三下学期英语

《Unit 3 Language in use》语法解析

状语从句

使用状语从句时有两点需要注意:一是状语从句中连词的选用,二是条件状语从句中的时态。

1.状语从句中连词的选用

状语从句中连词的选用是由句子所表达的逻辑意义决定的,学习时只要知道各种连词的意思和功能,就能够正确使用相应的连词。

常用的连词有:

(1)时间状语从句连词:when,while,as,before,after,until,as soon as

My father took the photos when we lived in Hong Kong.

我们住在香港的时候,我爸爸拍了这些照片。

You're not going out until you've finished this.

做完这件事以后你才能出门。

(2)地点状语从句连词:where

We must camp where we can get water.

我们必须在能找到水的地方宿营。

(3)条件状语从句连词:if

If he leaves the vegetables with the goat,the goat will eat them.

如果他把蔬莱留给山羊,山羊就会把它们吃掉。

(4)比较状语从句连词:than,as

The cost of the repairs was a lot cheaper than I thought.

修理费比我想的要低得多。

(5)目的状语从句连词:so that,in order that

I've brought some photos so that you can see what Britain looks like.

我带来了一些照片,这样你就能看到英国是什么样子了。

(6)原因状语从句连词:because,since,as

Mark could not come because he had to work.

马克来不了,因为他的工作。

(7)结果状语从句连词:so...that...

He got up so late that he missed the first train.

他起得太晚了,以致错过了第一班火车。

(8)让步状语从句连词:although,though

Although the car is old,it still runs well.

这辆车虽然旧了,但开起来仍然不错。

2.条件状语从句中的时态

在条件状语从句中,如果主句的时态是一般将来时,从句一般用一般现在时。

If it rains tomorrow,we will play inside.

如果明天下雨,我们就在室内玩。

不定式

到目前为止,我们已经学过动词不定式的很多用法,现总结如下:

1.作动词宾语

我们经常会看到和用到 want to do sth,agree to do sth,decide to do sth.等结构,这些放在谓语动词之后的不定式作谓语动词的宾语。

I decided to join some student clubs and take part in as many activities as I could.

我决定加入一些学生俱乐部,尽我所能多参加活动。

2.作宾语补足语

我们常说的不定式作宾语补足语是指v.+名词/代词+(to)do sth.结构中的不定式。这类不定式变否定时只需在不定式前加 not,其中的 to 在某些动词后需省略。

I told them to stop,but they wouldn't.

我让他们停下,可他们不听。

They asked me to leave.

他们让我离开。

3.作目的状语

不定式还可以作目的状语。不定式作目的状语时,可以放在句末,也可以放在句首。

He got up at five o'clock to catch the early bus.

他5点就起床去赶早班车。

Unit 3 Language in use