《Unit 8 Detective stories》语法解析
限制性定语从句和关系代词
在复合句中,定语从句用来修饰一个名词或代词。其中被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词引出。如:
He is the manwho I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。
Football is a gamewhich is liked by most boys.足球是一种深受大多数男孩喜欢的运动。
Give me the bookthat you read just now.把你刚才读的书给我。
注意:常见的关系代词有who、which和that。他们所代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
●关系代词who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。如:
Yesterday I helped an old manwholost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
Mr. Lin is just the manwhoI want to interview.林先生就是我想采访的人。
●关系代词which指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。如:
This is the fridgewhichhe bought yesterday.这就是他昨天买的电冰箱。
The buildingwhichstands near my school is a supermarket.
位于我的学校旁边的那幢大楼是一家超市。
●关系代词that指人时,相当于who;指物时,相当于which。当其在定语从句中作宾语时可省略。如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
The coat (that) I tried on this morning is quite nice.我今早试穿的那件外套真漂亮。
注意:在含有定语从句的复合句中,如果关系代词作从句的主语,则从句中谓语动词的人称和数与先行词保持一致。如:
Now we have ten classes whichlearnFrench. 现在我们有十个学法语的班。
The man wholivesnext door to us is very strange.住在我们隔壁的那个男人很奇怪。