译林版初二下学期英语
《Unit 2 Travelling》语法解析
现在完成时(II)
1.have/has been和have/has gone的用法
我们用have/has been表示某人曾经去过某地,并且已经回来。如:
● He has been to the Great Wall twice.
他曾经去过长城两次。
● We have never been to South Hill.
我们还从来没有去过南山。
我们用have/has gone表示某人已经去了某地,但还没回来。如:
● He has gone to London.He will be back in two weeks.
他已经去伦敦了。他将在两周后回来。
● 一ls Tom at home?
—No,he isn't. He has gone to the cinema.
——汤姆在家吗?
——不在。他去看电影了。
2.和for或since连用的动词
现在完成时常和for或since引导的表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如:
● He has been away from China for two years.
他离开中国已有两年了。
● He has lived in Nanjing since 2010.
自2010年以来,他一直住在南京。
注意:在带有一段时间状语的现在完成时的肯定句中,我们要用延续性动词,而不能用短暂性动词。下面补充一些短暂性动词和延续性动词的转化参考:
短暂性动词延续性动词现在完成时构成
短暂性动词 | 延续性动词 | 现在完成时构成 |
catch a cold | have a cold | have had a cold |
buy | have | have had |
open | be open | have been open |
close | be closed | have been closed |
fall ill | be ill | have been ill |
fall asleep | be asleep | have been asleep |
Unit 2 Travelling