- Module 1 Lost and found
- Unit 1 Whose bag is this?
- Unit 2 Are they yours?
- Unit 3 Language in use
- Module 2 What can you do?
- Unit 1 I can play the piano.
- Unit 2 I can run really fast.
- Unit 3 Language in use
- Module 3 Making plans
- Unit 1 What are you going to do at the weekend?
- Unit 2 We're going to cheer the players.
- Unit 3 Language in use
- Module 4 Life in the future
- Unit 1 Everyone will study at home.
- Unit 2 Every family will have a small plane.
- Unit 3 Language in use
- Module 5 Shopping
- Unit 1 What can I do for you?
- Unit 2 You can buy everything on the Internet.
- Unit 3 Language in use
- Module 6 Around town
- Unit 1 Could you tell me how to get to the National Stadium?
- Unit 2 The London Eye is on your right.
- Unit 3 Language in use
- Module 7 My past life
- Unit 1 I was born in a small village.
- Unit 2 I was born in Quincy.
- Unit 3 Language in use
- Module 8 Story time
- Unit 1 Once upon a time...
- Unit 2 Goldilocks hurried out of the house.
- Unit 3 Language in use
- Module 9 Life history
- Unit 1 He left school and began work at the age of twelve.
- Unit 2 He decided to be an actor.
- Unit 3 Language in use
- Module 10 A holiday journey
- Unit 1 What did you do?
- Unit 2 This morning we took a walk.
- Unit 3 Language in use
- Module 11 Body language
- Unit 1 They touch noses!
- Unit 2 Here are some ways to welcome them.
- Unit 3 Language in use
- Revision module A
- Module 12 Western music
- Unit 1 It's so beautiful!
- Unit 2 Vienna is the centre of European classical music.
- Unit 3 Language in use
- Revision module B
《Unit 3 Language in use》语法解析
一般过去时(2)
在上个模块中,我们学习了be的过去式,那么一般动词的过去式是如何构成的呢?请同学们观察下面两个例句:
● Jack often goes to school by bike,but today he walked to school.
杰克经常骑自行车去学校,但是今天他是走路去的学校。
● I live in Beijing now,but I lived in Shanghai three years ago.
我现在住在北京,但是三年前我住在上海。
从上面两个例句中我们不难看出,walked,lived所表达的都是过去的事情,也就是说,当我们谈论过去的动作或状态时,常常使用一般过去时,句中的谓语要用动词的过去式形式。
从上面的两个例句中,我们看到walk→walked,live→lived,那么我们可以推论,动词过去式的构成大致是在动词后加-ed。这类变化被称为动词的规则变化。更详细的变化方式请见下表:
变化规则 | 原形 | 过去式 |
一般动词结尾加-ed | walk,listen,look,finish | walked,listened,looked,finished |
以“不发音的字母e结尾”的动词后加-d | live,notice,decide | lived,noticed,decided |
以“辅音字母+y结尾”的动词,y变为i,再加-ed | hurry,marry | hurried,married |
以“元音字母+一个辅音字母结尾”的重读闭音节动词,先双写辅音字母,再加-ed | stop,step | stopped,stepped |
如果要表示过去没有做某事或某事没有发生,则要用一般过去时的否定形式。根据行为动词一般现在时否定形式的构成规律,同学们可能猜得到,行为动词过去式的否定形式也要加助动词。不过不是加do/does,而是加do/does的过去式did,请看下列各例:
● Shedidn't likethe food in the big bowl.
她不喜欢大碗里的食物。
● Theydidn't noticeGoldlocks at first.
他们一开始没注意到金凤花姑娘。
● Baby Beardidn't lookin the bedroom.
熊宝宝没有往卧室里看。
从以上例子可以看出,一般过去时的否定助动词didn't没有人称和数的变化。我们还可以看到,否定句中由于加了didn't,原来的谓语动词变成了原形。试比较:
● Iwalkedto school today.
我今天步行去了学校。
→ Ididn't walkto school today.
我今天没有走路上学。
● Baby Bearnoticedthe little girl in his bed.
熊宝宝看到了躺在他床上的小女孩。
→ Baby Beardidn't noticethe little girl in his bed.
熊宝宝没有看到躺在他床上的小女孩。
如果要询问别人早晨是否听新闻了,昨晚是否看电视了,应该怎么说呢?这时我们需要采用疑问形式,例如:
●Didyoulistento the news in the morning?
你早上听新闻了吗?
●DidyouwatchTV yesterday evening?
你昨天晚上看电视了吗?
很显然,一般过去时的疑问形式同一般现在时的一样,也是通过在句首加助动词构成的。所不同的是,一般现在时的疑问形式采用的助动词是do/does,而一般过去时使用的是did。请大家注意,在一般过去时的疑问句中,谓语动词变成了原形。试比较:
● Itelephonedmy parents yesterday.
我昨天给父母打电话了。
●Didyoutelephoneyour parents yesterday?
你昨天给父母打电话了吗?
Yes,Idid. 是的,我打了。
No,Ididn't. 没有,我没打。
● Hevisitedhis aunt last weekend.
他上周末去看望他的姑姑了。
●Didhevisithis aunt last weekend?
他上周末去看望他的姑姑了吗?
Yes,hedid. 是的,他去了。
No,hedidn't. 没有,他没去。
从以上两个例子我们还可以看出一般疑问句的回答方式。现将一般过去时的各种形式及回答总结如下:
肯定 | 否定 | 一般疑问 | 回答 |
I started school at five. | I did not (didn't) start school at five. | Did I start school at five? | Yes,I did. No,I didn't. |
You took a walk this morning. | You did not (didn't) take a walk this morning. | Did you take a walk this morning? | Yes,you did. No,you didn't. |
He/ She moved to London at twenty-eight. | He/ She did not (didn't) move to London at twenty-eight. | Did he/ she move to London at twenty-eight? | Yes,he/ she did. No,he/ she didn't. |
It rained heavily. | It did not (didn't) rain heavily. | Did it rain heavily? | Yes,he/ she did. No,he/ she didn't. |
We played computer games yesterday. | We did not (didn't) play computer games yesterday. | Did we play computer games yesterday? | Yes,we did. No,we didn't. |
They played basketball after school. | They did not (didn't) play basketball after school. | Did they play basketball after school? | Yes,they did. No,they didn't. |