英语常用句型初中（合集20篇）

各种数目概念表示法

句型［exactly等整数限制语+数词（数字）］/［数词（数字）+exactly等整数限制语］

1.Theclothmeasurestenyardsexactly.2.Itisnowexactlytenoclock.

3.Ishallbejusteighteenyearsoldonthe15thofnextmonth.4.Ittakesmethreecleardays.

句型［about等约数限制语+数词］/［数词+orso,moreorless］

1.Abouttwentythousandpeoplesawthematchyesterday.2.Theyopenedupsome8,000muofland.

3.Therearesomedozen(of)peoplethere.4.Itisanhourjourney,moreorless.

5.ThepriceofthisnewmachineisintheneighborhoodofonethousandYuan.

6.Duringthepastyearorso,theproductionrecordofthatfactoryhasbeenraisedto200%.

7.Icantgiveyoutheexactfigure,butinroundnumberitwasfiftyorsixtyYuan.

句型［over等表示有余的限制语+数词］/［数词+andmore等表示有余的限制语］

1.Bigbattle-shipsofovertenthousandtonscanbefullybuiltinShanghai.

2.Hehaslivedabroadabovetenyears.

3.Ihaveknownhimformorethan(forupwardsof)twentyyears.

4.Nofewerthan(Notlessthan)twothousandpeoplewenttotheparkyesterday.

5.InoldChinatheworkingdaywasnotlessthansixteenhours.

6.Ourcollegestudentsarenowrequiredtolearnatleastoneforeignlanguage.

7.Therearefiftyandodd(andmore)pupilsinourclass.

8.Therearechildrenofthreeyearsoldandupwards.

句型［…under等表示不足的限制语+数词］

1.Hemaybeunder(below)thirtyyearsofage.

2.Theurgentworkwascompletedinlessthanfivehours.

3.Therentofthehouseislessthan(nomorethan)threehundredYuanamonth.

4.Ithadbeendonefornomorethantendays.

5.Thisoldmachinetoolisusedforat(thevery)mostfifteenhoursaday.

句型［amountto等表示共计的限制语+数词］/［数词+inall等表示共计的限制语］

1.Thetotalexpensesamounttoahundreddollars.2.Thevisitorstotaled2,500.

3.Theexpendituresumsupto(addsupto)$1,000.4.Wenumberedtwentyinall.

5.Thevariousitemsfootup(come)to$2,000.6.Theywerefifteen,alltold.

句型［…increase/decrease等+from数词+to数词］

1.Thenumberofdraughtanimalsinthisbrigadeincreasedfrom10to90.

2.Thenumberofparticipantsroseto300,000.

3.Thecompanyhasincreasedthecapitalstockfromamillionto20milliondollars.

4.Thepopulationinthiscityhasjumpedabove3,000,000.

5.Themembersoftheassociationhavedecrease(werereduced)to300.

6.Thepopulationinthiscountryfelltounder40,000,000.

7.ThepriceofsilkhasdroppedfromsixteentotenYuanperJin.

句型［…甲数+inclusiveof/including+乙数…］/［…甲数+exclusiveof/excluding+乙数］

1.Thewholeamountsto500Yuan,inclusiveoftheexpenses35Yuan.

2.Thedelegationconsistedof15,includingtwointerpreters.

3.Price1Yuan,postageincluded.

4.Hehas1,500Yuaninthebank,exclusiveoftheinterest.

5.Therewerefiftypeoplepresent,notcountingthechildren.

句型［…表示按比例变化的限制语+数词］

1.Thetreesareplantedatintervalsoftwentyfeet.2.Wetakearestatintervalsoftwohours.

3.Iaskyoutoteachmeeveryotherday.4.IwenttoDovereverythirdorfourthweek

5.Writeoneveryotherline,oreverythirdline?6.Wegavetwotoeveryfour.

7.ThisteaissoldforeightyYuanperJin.8.Thecarrunsattherateofsixtymilesanhour.

9.Illgiveyousomepillstobetakentwoatatime,threetimesadaybeforemeals.

年月日时表示法

句型［on+月份+序数词(日子)+基数词(年度)…］［in+基数词(年度)+on+月份+序数词(日子)…］

1.OnApril24,1970,Chinasuccessfullylauncheditsfirstman-madeearthsatellite.

2.HewasbornonMarch15,1977.

3.In1921,theleadingrevolutionariesofChinametinsecretonaboatatJiaxingonJuly1st,andtheChineseCommunistPartywasfounded.

句型［…at+钟点+inthemorning等,on+月+日…］［…at+钟点+onthemorning等of+月+日…］

1.WeheldameetingateightoclockinthemorningonthefourthofMay.

2.Hearrivedatnineintheeveningonthe3rdofthismonth.

3.WecametoTianAnMenSquareatsevenoclockonthemorningofOctober.

4.At09:40hoursonDecember15,1971,anIndianaircraftintrudedintoChinasairspaceinTibet.

5.ChairmanMaopassedawayat00:10hoursonSeptember9,1976inBeijing.

6.PremierZhouEn-laidiedofcancerat09:57hoursonJanuary8,1976,inBeijingattheageof76.

句型［…at+基数词(minutes)+past/to+基数词(oclock)…］

1.Themeetingwillbeopenedatfivepastseven.2.Hecamehereataquartertoeight.

年龄表示法

句型［主语+be+数词（限制语）+yearsold/yearsofage］

1."Howoldishe?"-"heisjustfifty(yearsold)."(=Heisagedjustfifty/Hisageisjustfifty.)

2."Whatishisage?"-"Heistowardsfiftyyearsofage."

3."Ofwhatageisyourson?"-"(Myson)elevenandahalfyearsold."

4."GuesshowoldMaryis."-"Sheisaboutbetweeneighteenandtwentyyearsofage."

5.Thelittleonewasfivemonthsold.6."Howoldisthemoon?"-"Sheisfifteendaysold."

7."Howoldisthetree?"-"Thistreeiscenturiesold."

6."Howoldisthehorse?"-"Thehorseisoverfouryearsold

句型［…attheageof+数词］/［…at+数字+(yearsofage)］

1.AttheageofsixteenDarwinwenttoEdinburghtostudymedicineandthreeyearslatertoCambridge.2.Hediedattheripeageofeighty.

3.Shebecameplumpatforty.4.Hegraduatedattwentyyearsofage.

4.Childrenenterschoolattheageoffive,dontthey?

句型［…of+数词+yearsold(或ofage)］［…aged+数字+years］［…数字+yearsofage］

［…inones+数词复数］

1.Heisaboyofelevenyearsold.2.Myelderbrotherisamanagedfiftyyearsold.

3.Theyareallchildrenunderfiveyearsofage.

4.Childrenunder10yearofageareadmittedathalfprice.

5.Heisayoung,gallantofficerinhistwenties.

6.Thegrannyspeaksasifshewereagirlinherteens.

倍数表示法

句型［主语+谓语（double/treble）+宾语（增加对象）］

1.Thiscountryhasdoubledherannualoutputofsteelduringthepost-waryears.

2.InHengdongCounty,itsper-mugrainyieldsurpassed800in1970,doublingthatbefore1965.

3.Theenemysforcetreblesourown,butwehavewipedouttheenemy.

4.Ouropponentsscoreddoubleourpoints.

[注]double和treble也可以作不及物动词用，如：Thegrainsinourcommunehavetrebledthisyear.

Wagesofworkershadmorethandoubled.

句型［主语+be+倍数+thatof+被比对象］/［主语+be+倍数+as…as+被比对象］

1.Inourareanowthegrainoutputisfourtimesthatbeforeliberation.

2.InthisworkshoptheoutputofJulywas3.5timesthatofJanuary.

3.Theper-muyieldofourvillagethisyearwillcount2,400jin,whichisfourtimesthatof1998.

4.Bythattimeweshallproducethreetimesasmuchgrainaswedidtenyearsago.

5.Thisboxisthreetimesasheavyasthat.6.Beijingistentimesasbigasmyhometown.

7.Thegrossvalueofindustrialoutputofourareathisyearwillbeestimatedtobe2.5timesthatoflastyear.

句型［主语+be+倍数/百分数+upon/over/+被比对象］

［主语+be+倍数/百分数+比较级+than+被比对象］

1.Theindustrialoutputoflastyearinourvillagewas250%uponthatof1986.

2.Thegrainoutputinthatvillagewastwotimesoverthatof1988

3.Thesunisahugeblazingball,amilliontimeslargerthantheearth.

4.Thistypeofmachineusesthreetimesmorefueloilthanthattypedoes.

5.Agoodharvestofearlyricewasreapedon400,000mu,theoutputbeing25percenthigherthanlastyears.6.Agriculturaloutputfor1974isestimatedtobe51%upon1964.

句型［主语+increase/rise/attain+(to)倍数+comparedwith+被比对象］

1.Bycomparisonwith1948,theforeigntradeturnoverofthatcountryin1957increased3.5times.

2.Thenumberofpupilsinthiscityhasincreased6timesincomparisonwith1990.

3.Withtheresultofautomationproductivityhasincreased(risento)sixty-sixfoldinthatfactory.

4.Nowtheindustryofthiscountryhasattainedoversixtimesofthepre-waroutput.

5.Lastyear,theproductionofdifferentkindsoffarmtoolsinourfactoryincreases(to)ninetimes,comparedwith1999.

句型［主语+increase/rise等+(by)百分数+comparedwith…］

1.TheoutputofJulyinourfactoryincreased(by)250%comparedwiththatofJanuary.

2.Manycountrieshaveincreasedtheirfarmoutputby100percentormorewithinashortspaceoftime.

3.Overthepast17years,Daqinghasincreaseditsannualoutputofcrudeoilbyanaverageof28percent.

4.In2007crudeoilproductionrose150%comparedwith2005,fulfillingthecompanyplantwomonthsaheadofschedule.

[注1]by表示增加的净数，也可用于倍数，如：Itexceededourestimateby3times.

Theenemysforcesweremorethanoursby4times.

[注2]注意下面成语所含倍数的意义，加again表示增加一倍，如：

Hehasbooksasmuch(many)asshe.Hehasbookshalfasmuchagainasshe.

分数减少表示法

句型［主语+reduce等+宾语+(by)分数或百分数…］

1.Theinventionofmanynewtoolsinourfactoryhasreducedthecostofproduction(by)onethird,whiletheoutputhasgoneup(to)160percent.

2.Thepriceoffarmtoolsinourfactoryhasreduced(或decreased)towfifths.

3.Ithasreducedtheamountbyonehalf.

句型［主语+reduce等+(from)…to+分数或百分数］

1.Atthattimeindustrialoutputinthatcountryhadsunk(或hadfallen等)twothirds.

2.Agriculturaltaxhasreducedfrom12%intheearlypost-liberationyearstofive%.

3.Bytheendof2006,theshareoftheprivatedealersinthiscityhadfallento5%.

计量表示法

句型［主语+measure+数词+单位+long等形容词/inlength等］

［主语+be+数词+单位+long等形容词/inlength等］［主语+attain+alength等+数词+单位］

1.Thetreeisaboutsixtyfeethigh(或inheight).(=Thetreeattainsaheightofaboutsixtyfeet.)

2.Shewastall,nearsixfeetinheight,butslenderlyformed.

3.Thebirdisaboutsixincheslongandweighsthreequartersofanounce.

4.Ifoundmyselfaloneinavastroom,betweentwoandthreehundredfeetwideandabouttwohundredhigh,lyinginbedtwentyyardswide.

5."Howwideistheriver?"-"Itsabovetenmeterswide(或inwidth)."

6.Lastyearthesnowattainedathickness(或felladepth)ofthreefeethere.

7.Heis150poundsinweight(=Heattainsaweightof150pounds).

8.Thepolicesearchedallthefieldsandwoodswithinaradiusoftwomiles.

句型［主语+measure/be+（长度）数词+单位+by+(宽度)数词+（单位）］

1.Thisroommeasurestwentyfeetbyfifteen.(=theroomistwentyfeetinlengthandfifteenfeetinbreadth.)2.Thebedissixfeetbyfourandahalffeet.

3."Whatsizeisthattable?""Itmeasuresthreefeetbythree."

句型［主语+cost/beworth+数词+单位］［主语+bevalued/berated+at+数词+单位］

1."Howmuchisit?"-"Itcostsabovetendollars"(=thepriceofitisabovetendollars.)

2.ThispencostsmefiveYuan.

3.Itsworth12shillings,butthisisnotworthmorethantenshillings.

4.Hevaluedthehouseformeat350,000Yuan.

5.Thiscoatcosts20dollars,butIdontthinkitisratedatten.

加减乘除表示法

句型［甲数+plus/and/addedto+乙数+is/are/willbe/equals/isequalto/makes/gets+和数］

1.Howmuchis(或makes)twoplusfour?Howmanyaretwoandfour?

Whataretwoandfour?回答：Thetotal(sum)issix.

2.Twoplusfourequalssix.Twoandfouris(are)six.Twoplusfourisequaltosix.

Twoaddedtofourequalssix.Twoandfourmakes(make)six.Towplusfourwillbesix.

Ifweaddtwotofour,wegetsix.

句型［甲数+minus/lessaddedto+乙数+is/equals(或isequalto)+差数］

［乙数+taken/subtracted+from+甲数+leaves+差数］

1.Howmuchiseightminus(less)three?Whatisthreefromeight?回答：Thedifferenceisfive.

2.Eightminus(less)threeequalsfive.Eightminusthreeis(are/isequalto)five.

Threetakenfromeightleavesfive.Three(subtracted)fromeightandtheremainderisfive.(fiveremains).Subtractthreefromeightandtheremainderwillbefive.

句型［甲数+multipliedby+乙数+is/equals(或isequalto)等+积数］

［Multiply+甲数+by+乙数+is/equals(或isequalto)等+积数］

［once,twice,threetimes…+乙数+is/equals(或isequalto)等+积数］

1.Howmanyarethreemultipliedbyfour?Whatisthreemultipliedbyfour?

Howmuchgivesthreetimesfour?Whatisthreetimesfour？回答：Theresultistwelve.

2.Threemultipliedbyfourequalstwelve.Multiplythreebyfourgivestwelve.

Multiplythreebyfour,wegettwelve.Threetimesfouristwelve

[注]1x1=1Onceoneisone.2x1=2(Twiceoneistwo.)

(a+b)(a-b)=a2-b2Aplusbmultipliedbyaminusbisequaltoasquaredminusbsquared.

150x2/5=60Onehundredandfiftymultipliedbytwofifthsequalssixty.

Onehundredandfiftytimestwofifthsaresixty.

句型［甲数+dividedby+乙数+gives等+商数］/［Divide+甲数+by+乙数+gives等+商数］

［乙数+into+甲数+goes+商数］

1.8÷2=?Howmanyiseightdividedbytwo?Howmanytimesdoestwogointoeight?

回答：Thequotientisfour(times).

2.8÷2=4Eightdividedbytwomakesfour.Divideeightbytwoequalsfour.

Dividetwointoeightandyougetfour.Twointoeightgoesfourtimes.

[注1]9÷2=4余1Twointoninegoesfourtimes,and1remainder.Ninedividedbytwogivesfour,and1remainder.

9÷2=4又1/2Divideninebytwoandyougetfourandahalf.Dividetwointonineandyougetfourandahalf.

[注2]加减乘除综合式(3+8-2)÷3x5=15Threepluseightminustwo,alldividedbythreemultipliedbyfiveequalfifteen.

名量词与不定量数目

句型［…数词+名量词+of+实物名词…］

常用量名词有：1.aglassofwine2.abottleofoil3.abowlofrice4.ajugoftea5.acakeofsoap6.alumpofsugar7.asheetofpaper8.aloafofbread9.apairofscissors10.apartyoftravelers11.abunchofflowers12.asetofbooks13.asuitofclothes14.adropofblood15.agrainofsand16.amouthfuloffood17.ahandfulofseed18.arayofhope19.acrowdofchildren20.aflockofsheep等。

1.Addthreespoonfulsofwater,please.2.Iwanttwopoundsofbutter.

3.MayIofferyouaglassofwine?4.Pleasegivemetwosheetsofpaper.

5.Iboughtanewpairofscissorsyesterday.6.Hetookthreebottlesofbrandy.

句型［主语+谓语+（宾语）+状语（ata+名量词）］

常见ata+名量词的词组有：1.atatime2.atablow3.atadraught=atadraft4.atamouthful5.atastretch6.atabound7.ataglance8.atasitting9.atastroke等。

1.Ikilledtwofliesatablow.2.Thedoctorsawataglancethatthechildhadmeasles.

3.Thejobwasfinishedatasitting(astretch).4.Heleapedoverthefenceatabound.

5.Thestudentswalkedtwentymilesatastretch.

6.TheYoungShockBrigadeworkedtwoshiftsatastretch.

句型［…one等基数词+of+范围词］/［…不定量词+of+范围词］［…定量词+of+范围词］

常见词组有：1.oneof…2.manyofus(them…)3.someofthem4.everyoneofus5.fewofus6.bothofthesisters7.anyofthese8.mostofthem9.allofus10.asmallnumberof…11.agreatnumberof…12.anumberof…13.agreatdealof14.alotofpeople15.plentyofpeople16.hundredsof…17.thousandsofpeople18.acoupleof…

1.LeiFengisoneofourcountrysgreatandgloriousfighters.

2.Hesetanexampletoallofus.3.EveryoneofushasgreatfaithintheloftycauseofCommunism.

4.Wemeetwithagreatdealofdifficulties,butfinallyweovercomeallofthem.

5.Halfofthesemesterhaspassed,andwearereadytomeetacheckinteachingandlearning.

6.Ireceivedacoupleoflettersthismorning.7.Agreat(large)numberofpeoplebelieveit.

1.一般否定句

句型1［主语+特殊定式动词+not+行为动词或表语+其他］

1.Chinaoftodayisnotwhatitwasthirtyyearsago.

2."IsntthatTeddyThomsonout?"-"Ithinkitshim,butIcantbeahundredpercentsure."

3."Oh,sir,hecanthavesaidsuchathing!Hecanthavespokenlikethattoyou,sir!"

4.WemustnotwaitforfavorsfromNature;wemusttakethemfromher.

5.Ihaventfinishedthebookyet.6.Moneycouldnotbuyhappiness.

[注1]Heisnofool.Greatbarkersarenobiters.

[注2]二十四个特殊定式动词：

句型2［主语+do(does,did)+not+行为动词+其他］

1.Sorrowdoesntbuybread.2.Puregolddoesnotdreadfire.

3."WhyisMr.Coopersoangrytoday?"-"Idontknowwhy."

4."Theydidnotstealsomuch."-"Idontcarehowmuch."Hesaid,"…Athiefisathief."

句型3［主语+行为动词+no/not+宾语+其他］

1.Arollingstonegathersnomoss.

2.Viola,hearingthis,knewnothowtobehave,norhowtoanswerher.

3.Iknownotwhatcourseothersmaytake,but,asforme,givemelibertyorgivemedeath!

4.Wearefleet-wingedmenatarms;wefearnotmountainshighorriversdeep.

句型4［Therebe+no/not/notany+主语(+状语)］

1.Therewasnowellinthevillageatthattime.

2.OliverTwistwasborninaworkhouse…Therewerenoaunts,nosisters,nocousins,nograndmothers.

3.Thereisnotamomenttobelost.4.Thereisnoholdingbackthewheelofhistory

[附注]一般否定句的其他表达方式：

1.Whoknowsit?(=Nooneknowsit.)Darehedoit?(=Hedarenotdoit.)

2.Godonlyknows!(=Nooneknows.)AsifIwouldallowit!(=Iwouldcertainlynotallowit.)

3.Catchmedoingthat!

4.IfIdoIamavillain.(=Iwillnotdo.)Dothatagainifyoudare.

5.InHeaven,anangelisnobodyinparticular.Theyshunpersonalfameandgains.

6.Thecityandtheareasarounditareanice-freeportandanuclearweapon-freezone.Thebuildingisinastateofneglect.

7.Shestoodstill,tryingwinly(invain)toanswerthebatteryofquestionsraisedbythereporters.

8.Idisliketheideaverymuch.Mr.Whitehasrefrainedfrommakinganyofficialcommentonthecoupinthatcountry.Yesterdayshefailedtogettoschoolontime.Theevidenceisconclusive,excludingallpossibilitiesofdoubt.Theyexcludedchildren(from)gettingin.Wellforeverliveuptowhatthepartyexpectsofus.Avoidoperatingthekeysroughly.Shewasrefusedadmittancebythem.

9.Slipsarescarcelyavoidablewhenyourenewtoyourwork.Heisignorantofconditionsatthelevels.OurPLAisworthyofbeingcalledagreatarmypfthepeople.

10.Themeetingsweremarkedbysuchanabsenceoflivelydiscussionsthatattimestheywerealmostonthepointofbreakingup.LeiFengsnobledeedsareaboveallpraise.Todothisisbeyondmyability.Heisoutoftheoffice.(=Heisnotintheoffice.)TomisawayfromCambridge.(=TomisnotatCambridge.)Itisfarfromperfect.Thatservedtostrengtheninsteadofweakenourdetermination(or:Thatstrengthened,ratherthanweakened,ourdetermination.)Thetruthisquiteotherthanwhatyouthink.Iknowbetterthantoquarrel.

2.特指否定句

句型5［…not+非谓语成分…］

1.Notasoulwasanywherevisible.2.Youmustalwaysremembernottobecomeconceited.

3.Theteachertoldhispupilsnottomakesuchamistakeagain.

4.Iwenttoseehimoff,nottomeethim.5.Wefeltsorryfornotcomingontime

句型6［主语+否定式谓语+(宾语)+状语或从句(被否定部分)］

1.Idontthinkitisrighttomakesuchhastydecision.2.Imnotfeelingverywelltoday.

3.Idontbelievethathewillcometomorrow.

4.Youcantjudgeathingonlybyitslooks.

5.HesstudyingEnglishnow,buthedoesntspeakEnglishverywellyet.

6.Peopledidnotshakeoffcolonialistsyokeinordertoputonhegemonistsyoke.

7.DontthinkillofmebecauseIuseherhelp.Shegivesitcheerfullyasyousee…

形容词的常用句型

1.Its+形容词+of+sb.+动词不定式

这一句型表示"某人(做某事)……"。常用形容词有：good,kind,nice,polite,clever,foolish,lazy,careful,careless,right,wrong等，来说明"人"的性质或特征。

Itsverykindofyoutohelpme.你能帮助我真是太好了。

Itsfoolishofyoutomakesuchmistake.你真傻啊，竟然犯这种错误。

2.Its+形容词+for+sb.+动词不定式

这一句型表示"做某事对某人来说……"。常用形容词有：difficult,easy,hard,dangerous,safe,useful,pleasant,interesting,impossible等，来说明动词不定式的性质、特征。

Itisimpossibleforachildtoanswerthequestion.小孩子不可能回答出这个问题。

Itsdangerousforyoutoswimalone.你自己一个人去游泳很危险。

3.主语+be动词+形容词+动词不定式

这一句型常用表示感情或情绪的形容词，如：glad,pleased,sorry,sad,thankful等以及表示能力和意志的形容词，如:ready,able,sure,certain等。

Imverysorrytohearthenews.听到这个消息我很难过。

Imgladtoseeyou.见到你我很高兴。

ComradeLeiFengisalwaysreadytohelpothers.雷锋同志总是乐于帮助别人。

Tomissure/certaintocome.汤姆一定会来。

It既是代词又是引词。作代词时，它可作人称代词、指示代词、非人称代词，用于前指、非确指或习语中。作引词时，它本身无实义，只起先行引导的作用。

可作形式主语（itis+adj.+for/ofsb.todosth.）或形式宾语（it+adj.+todosth.），真实地主语或宾语是不定式、动名词或名词从句，它们则放在后面。It也用于强调句结构。

如想强调某个词或部分，可用itis(was)+强调部分（主语、宾语或状语）+that(who)…的强调结构。本章要求了解代词it和引词it的各种用法，重点掌握it用于前指或后指；引词it用于强调结构。

在初中英语中会涉及到很多重点句型的学习，掌握这些句型不仅能让你在答题、写作时展现出更高英语水平，也能使你的口语水平有一个提升。下面就为大家介绍几个初中英语重要的句型。

操作方法

（主语）ask/tell sb.  to do sth. 让…做…

在这个句型中需注意的是to do的不定式，在选词填空或这作文中使用该句型时，一定要注意是to do而并非doing等形式。

be the same as 与……相同

在这个句型中主语一般为物，意为什么和什么是一样的。

What’s the matter with sb/sth？ 某人/某物出什么毛病了？

询问某人或者某物出什么问题时可用该句型，该句型也等同于whats wrong with sb/sth？

It takes sb some time to do sth 某人花费多长时间做某事

这是一种很常用的表达，it代替后面的某事而放到句首做形式主语，避免后面的sth放到句首而导致这个句子有一种头重脚轻的感觉。

What do you think of sth？你怎么看某事？

该句型一般用于询问某人对与某件事物或事情的看法，口语中经常用到这句话，是十分实用的一个句型。

Therebe句型：此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。它其实是全倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be之后，there仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词，而用live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等，但一般不用have。如：

Therestandsahillinthemiddleofthepark.

Onceuponatimetherelivedanoldkinginthetown.

Be与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：

现在有thereis/are…

过去有therewas/were…

将来有therewillbe…；thereis/aregoingtobe...

现在已经有therehas/havebeen…

可能有theremightbe...

肯定有theremustbe…/theremusthavebeen...

过去曾经有thereusedtobe…

似乎有thereseems/seem/seemedtobe…

碰巧有therehappen/happens/happenedtobe…

Once,therelivedanoldfishermaninavillagebythesea.

Theweathermansaysthere’llbeastrongwindintheafternoon.

Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar.

英语中有一种主动句可以转换成两种被动句型，它们通常是一些表示客观说明的句子，如：

Peoplebelievedthatsheishonest.大家相信她是诚实的。www.51jjcn.cn/yfdq/3123.html

→It’sbelievedthatsheishonest.大家相信她是诚实的。

→Sheisbelievedtobehonest.大家相信她是诚实的。

比较上面两类被动句型可以发现，一类是“it+be+过去分词+that从句”，另一类则是“主语+be+过去分词+不定式”(其中的“主语”为前一类句型中that从句中的主语)，通常可用于这两类被动句型的动词有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,think,understand等，比较(同时注意其中时态和动词形式的变化)：

It’sexpectedthathewillcomesoon.=Heisexpectedtocomesoon.预计他很快就会来。

It’sexpectedthathehascome.=Heisexpectedtohavecome.估计他会已经来了。

It’sknownthatisagoodsinger.=Heisknowntobeagoodsinger.大家知道他是位优秀的歌手。

It’sknownthatwasagoodsinger.=Heisknowntohavebeenagoodsinger.大家知道他曾是位优秀的歌手。

1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。

3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

举例：

Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.

=Whenthetestwasfinished,webeganourholiday.

考试结束了，我们开始放假。

Thepresidentassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.

=Afterthepresidentwasassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.

总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。

Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.

如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。

Thisdone,wewenthome.

工作完成后，我们才回家。

Themeetinggoneover,everyonetiredtogohomeearlier.

会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。

Hecameintotheroom,hisearsredwithcold.

他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。

Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.

他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆。

1.Therebe结构

a.这是英语中常见的一种结构，表示“某地有某物”其含义为“存在有”。

eg.Therearetwentygirlsinourclass.have也解释为“有”但是与therebe有区别，它的含义是“所有，属有”，其主语为某人。eg.Ihaveanicewatch.

b.Therebe结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致。

c.Thereisarivernearourschool.

否：Thereisnotarivernearourschool.

问：Istherearivernearourschool.

回答：Yes,thereis.No,thereisn’t.

划⑴Howmanyriversaretherenearourschool?

⑵What’snearourschool?

d.therebe结构的一般将来时，同学们较难掌握，其正确形式为：thereisgoingtobe

e.反意疑问句的构成：Thereisnowaterintheglass,isthere?

①Thereisgoingto_____afootballmatchthisafternoon.

A.haveB.watchC.beD.play

②Theyweresurethattheyweregoingto____arest.

A.beB.haveC.beonD.on

2.so,neither引导的倒装句,为了避免和前一句话的内容重复，英语中习惯用so,neither引导的倒装句。

a.So+be(助动词，情态动词)+主语。表示某人也是如此。

eg.Mikehasboughtsomeforeignstamps.

SohasBob.=Bobhasboughtsome,too.

b.Neither+be(助动词，情态动词)＋主语，表示某人也不。

eg.MotherhasneverbeentoJapan.

NeitherhasFather.=FatherhasneverbeentoJapan,either.

c.So＋主语＋be(助动词，情态动词)。表示果真如此(赞同),请同学们与a.区别。

eg.A:Mikeisrightintheclassroom.

B:Soheis.=Heisreallyintheclassroom.

3.It’s+时间+since动词过去式。自从...起已有...时间了。

⑴It’stwoweekssincewemetlast.(自从我们上次见面已有两个星期了)

⑵HowlongisitsinceweleftBeijing?(自从我们离开北京已有多久了

4.祈使句+and(那么)...

eg.Gostraightonandyou’llseeaschool.=Ifyougostraighton,you’llseeaschool.

5.祈使句+or...否则...

eg.Workhard,oryouwillfallbehindtheotherstudents.

=Ifyoudon’tworkhard,you’llfallbehindtheother.

6.The+比较级...，the+比较级...越...越...

eg.⑴Themore,thebetter.越多越好。

⑵Theharderyouworkonit,thebetteryou’llbeatit.(你越用功，你就越好。)

7.Howdoyoulikethefilm?=Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?(你认为这部电影怎样？)

8.What...dowith...?怎样对付...?怎样处理...?

虽然中文为怎样，我们绝不可照字面翻译为how.

eg.A:Whathaveyoudonewiththelibrarybook?

B:I’vejustreturnedittothelibrary.

9.Idon’tknowwhattodo.我不知道该怎么办？

Idon’tknowhowtodo.×10.What...belike?...是什么样的？

eg.⑴What’stheweatherlike?天气如何？

⑵What’syourschoollike?你们学校是什么样的？

11.What...for?为何目的？为什么？

eg.Whatdoyouwantasciencelabfor?=Whydoyouwantasciencelab?

12.oneof+最高级＋复数最...之一

eg.MissZhaoisoneofthemostpopularteachers.

13.findit+形容词+todo

eg.IfinditusefultolearnEnglishwell.(我发觉学好英语是很有用的)

find+宾语+名词eg.Ifindhimagoodboy.(我发现他是个好男孩.)

find+宾语+形容词eg.Ifindthedooropen/closed.(我发现门开/关着)

Ifindourbagsfilledwith/fullofpresents.(我发现我们的包装满了礼物)

14.Idon’tthink+肯定句我想...不

eg.Idon’tthinkI’lltakeit.(我想我不买它了)

请注意:中文意思否定在从句中,但是英语的表达否定在主句中。

15.preferAtoB=likeAbetterthanB更喜欢A不怎么喜欢B.

eg.Ipreferfishtochicken.=Ilikefishbetterthanchicken

1．Ithink…意为"我认为……"，是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用Idontthink…，

2．givesth.tosb./givesb.sth.意为"把……给……"，动词give之后可接双宾语，可用这两种句型；若指物的宾语是人称代词时，则只能用giveit/themtosb.

3．takesb./sth.to…意为"把……(送)带到……"，后常接地点，也可接人。

4．One…,theother…/Oneis…andoneis…意为"一个是……；另一个是……"，必须是两者中。

5．Letsb.dosth.意为"让某人做某事"，人后应用不带to的动词不定式，其否定式为Dontletsb，dosth.，或Letsb.notdosth.另外，Lets与Letus的含义不完全相同，前者包括听者在内，后者不包括听者在内，

6．helpsb.(to)dosth./helpsb.withsth.意为"帮助某人做某事"，前者用不定式作宾补，后者用介词短语作宾补，二者可以互换.

7．Whatabout…？/Howabout…？意为"……怎么样？"是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。about为介词，其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式。

8．Itstimetodo…/Itstimeforsth.意为"该做……的时间了"，其中to后须接原形动词，for后可接名词或V-ing形式。

9．liketodosth./likedoingsth.意为"喜欢做某事"，前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作；后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作，

10．asksb.(not)todosth.意为"让某人(不要)做某事"，其中asksb.后应接动词不定式，

11．showsb.sth./showsth.todo.意为"把某物给某人看"，该句型的用法同前面第2点。

12．introducesb.tosb.意为"把某人介绍给另一人"；introducetosb.则是"向某人作介绍"。

基式被动句

句型［主语+（特殊定式动词）+be+过去分词…+by+施动者］

1.WehavebeengreatlyencouragedbyLeiFengsexample.

2.Smokingisnotpermittedinthistheatre.3.Howthesteelwastempered?

4.RobertFinnwasdismissedbythebossofthefactory.

5.IfCowperwoodwereconvicted,Stenerneedsmustbe.

6.Thestorywillbecontinuedinournextmonthsissue.

7.Hastheworkbeenfinishedaheadoftime?

[注]阅读时不要把含有by的成语当成施动者，如：byhand（用手）byitself（独自）bystorm（突然）byair（乘飞机）例如："ManyyearsagoagreatcastleinHollandwastakenbystorm.Theenemiesenteredthecastle…"

句型［主语+get+过去分词+其他］

1.Hegotkilledinthewar.2.Theboygothurtonhiswayhomefromwork.

3.ThisstoryeventuallygottranslatedintoEnglish.4.Hegotdismissed.5.Hegotplucked.6.Hegotdrownedlastyear.7.Idontwanttogetmixedupwiththepoliceagain.

句型［主语+be+形容词+tobe+过去分词+其他］

1.Sheisboundtobereceivedwarmly.2.Weareliabletobeoverheardhere.

3.Heisnotlikelytohavebeennotifiedaboutit.4.Castironisapttobebroken.

5.Everythingthatisgoodissuretobepraisedandeverythingbadissuretobeexposed.

6.Hewasunluckytobehurt.

句型［主语+谓语+tobe+过去分词+其他］

1.Heseemedtobeshutupinhimselflikeashellfish.2.Isittobesungorsaid?

3."WouldyouliketobetaughtLatin?"-Iasked.

4.Sheaskedtobesenttoworkinthecountryside.

5.Hepreferredtobeassignedsomethingmoredifficulttodo.

句型［主语+被动式谓语+介词/副词虚助词+by+施动者］

1.Hewasoftenspokenabout.2.Hewaswelllookedafter.3.Thatmancanbereliedupon.

4.ThisideawasputforwardbyMr.Wheatley.5.Childrenarewelltakencareofinthenurseries.

[附注1]表示被动行为的施动者主要用by，但也有用with,不过with已近于表示行为的工具，后面不能接人的名词，如：Iwasmuchimpressedwiththebeautyofthemusic.Heisdeeplyimpressedwithyourgenerousdonation.

Hewaskilledwithabullet.Iwasstruckwithanidea.

[附注2]一般说来，只有当谓语是被动式时，这个句子才可称为被动句，下面的句子含有被动意义的非谓语成分，虽然表达了一定的被动意义，但是不能说是被动句，Shedidntlikeherselftobepraisedlikethat.这种被动意义的非谓语成分主要由下了词语表达出来：

1)被动不定式。它可以在句中作主语、定语、复合宾语、状语等。

Itisanhonorformetobeinvitedtotakepartinthemeeting.

Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.Shewasthefirstwomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost.

2)被动分词在句中作定语、复合宾语等。Hetoldustokeepasecretofthethingsbeingdiscussed.

Thegoodsorderedlastmonthhavenotarrivedyet.Youllfindthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywhere.

ThespeechmadebythePrimeMinisteryesterdaydelightedhissupporters.

3)被动动名词。IhadthehonorofbeingelectedHisbeingneglectedbythehostaddedtohisuneasiness..

1.“be+不定式”：表示命令、安排、倾向或必须、义务等。如：

SheistoplayJuliet.她扮演朱丽叶。www.51jjcn.cn/yfdq/3881.html

Youaretomakethenecessarychanges.你要做出必要的改变。

2.“beaboutto+不定式”：表示即将发生的动作，有“即将”的意思，但不能和具体的时间状语连用。如：

Thepackageisabouttocomeunwrapped.那个包快散开了。

3.“begoing+不定式”：表示按计划或安排打算去做某事，或表示有迹象表明要发生某事。如：

Wearegoingtocallherthisevening.我们打算今晚给她打电话。

Mysister’sgoingtohaveababythissummer.我姐姐今年夏天要生孩子。

4.用现在进行时表示将来：主要表示按规定或时间预计要发生的事。如：

ThestudentsareleavingonSunday.学生们星期日出发。

We’rehavingapartynextweek.我们下星期将开一个晚会。

5.用一般现在时表示将来：表示按规定或时间预计要发生的事。如：

Wehaveaholidaytomorrow.我们明天放假。

Thetrainleavesat10:04thisevening.火车今晚10:04分开。

中考英语知识点：形容词的常用句型

1.Its+形容词+of+sb.+动词不定式"某人（做某事）……",说明"人"的性质或特征。

常用形容词有：good,kind,nice,polite,clever,foolish,lazy,careful,careless,right,wrong等

Itsverykindofyoutohelpme.

Itsfoolishofyoutomakesuchmistake.

2.Its+形容词+for+sb.+动词不定式"做某事对某人来说……",说明动词不定式的性质、特征。

常用形容词有：difficult,easy,hard,dangerous,safe,useful,pleasant,interesting,impossible等

Itisimpossibleforachildtoanswerthequestion.小孩子不可能回答出这个问题。

Itisdangerousforyoutoswimalone.你自己一个人去游泳很危险。

3.主语+be动词+形容词+动词不定式这一句型常用表示感情、情绪，以及表示能力和意志的形容词，

如:glad,pleased,sorry,sad,thankful或ready,able,sure,certain等。

Imverysorrytohearthenews.

Imgladtoseeyou.

ComradeLeiFengisalwaysreadytohelpothers.

Tomissure/certaintocome.

表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。

with+名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语

举例:Hestoodthere,hishandraised.

=Hestoodthere,withhishandraise.

典型例题

Themurderwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback。

A.beingtied B.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied

答案D.with+名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D.

注意:

1)独立主格结构使用介词的问题：

当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但with的复合结构不受此限制

Arobberburstintotheroom,knifeinhand.

(hand前不能加his)。

2)当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分词，不及物动词用过去分词。

Helaythere,histeethset,hishandclenched,hiseyeslookingstraightup.

典型例题：

Weather___,wellgooutforawalk.

Apermitted Bpermitting Cpermits Dforpermitting

答案B.本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。句中使用了逗号，且we小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构，其结构为：名词+分词。由于permit在这里翻译为天气允许，表主动，应用现在分词，故选B。

如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式，不妨将句子改为条件句，例如本句改为Ifweatherpermits,wellgooutforawalk.然后将if去掉，再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。

1.Itisthefirst/secondtime....that....结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时

例：

ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.

这是我第一次参观这座城市。

Itisthethirdtimethattheboyhasbeenlate.

这是这个男生第三次迟到了。

2.Thisisthe...that..结构，that从句要用现在完成时

例：

ThisisthebestfilmthatI’ve(ever)seen.

这是我看过的最好的电影。

ThisisthefirsttimethatIveheardhimsing.

这是我第一次听他唱歌。

3.Itis/Ithasbeen+时间段+since...

例：

Ithasbeen/Its5yearssincewelastmet.

自从上一次我们相遇到现在已经是五年了。

Its/Ithasbeen3monthssincethemandied.

那人去世3个月了。

4.一段时间+完成时结构+since引导的时间状语从句

例：

TwoyearshaspassedsinceIcamehere.

双重否定句

句型19［主语+否定式谓语…+否定词/含否定意义的词+其他］

1.Hedoesntlendhisbooktonobody.2.Youcantmakesomethingoutofnothing.

3.Illtakeitthen.Notfornothing.Illgiveyousomethinginreturn.

4.Icouldnotdisobeyhim.Onlyonethingremainedforme:tosufferandobey.

5.Hewasneverdissatisfiedwithmywork.6.Whatsdonecannotbeundone.

7.Thiscaptaintookafancytomyconversation,whichwasnotatalldisagreeableatthattime.

[注]如果要用否定代词作主语，谓语要用肯定式。

Nothingischangeless.Nothingiswithouthisfaults.Nothingisimpossibletoawillingmind.

［主语+否定式谓语…+without+名词…/动名词］

句型20［(Therebe)+no+主语+词组或从句+without+名词…/动名词］

［It(或名词)is+否定词语+不定式+without+名词…/动名词］

1.Wecanlivewithoutfoodorwaterforsomedays,butwithoutairwecannotliveevenafewminutes.

2.AtthebeginningoflearningEnglishhecouldnotspeakitwithoutmakingmistakes.

3.Thereisnorighttospeakwithoutinvestigation.4.Nogainswithoutpains.

5.(Thereis)Nosweetwithout(some)sweat.

6.Withoutrevolutionarytheorytherecanbenorevolutionarymovement.

7.Withoutknowledgeofscienceandtechnologyitisimpossibletobuildsocialism.

8.Itisimpossibleforyourteamtowinwithoutconstanttraining.

[注1]由第二式的省略"no…without…"进一步紧缩的结果，便产生"no…no…"简略式，主要用于谚语格言。例如：Nopains,nogains.Nolaw,noliberty.Noinvestigation,norighttospeak.Nothingventure,nothinghave.（nothing是no的派生词）

[注2]"notwithout…"表示"不无…"、"不是没有…"的意思，是一种委婉的说法。

例如：Notwithoutreason/notwithoutsomedoubtIhavebroughtbackyourman-notwithoutriskanddanger.

句型21［主语+cannot+help/refrainfrom/keepfrom+动名词…］

1.ThoughLaurencehadpromisedKeithnottoseeWanda,hecouldnothelpgoingtoher.

2.He(Shylock)couldnothelpshowinghispleasure.3.IcanthelpadmiringitwheneverIlookatit.

4.Icouldnotrefrainfromretortingtohearsuchalie.5.Icannotkeepfromlaughingtohearsuchastory.

句型22［主语+cannot+but/choosebut/helpbut+动词原形…］

1."Youcannotbutfeelalreadythatitisuselessstayinghere…youwillhavetogofarther."

2.Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.3.Wecannot(choose)butreadbookstoincreaseourknowledge.

4.Theycannotbutadmitthatincertainaspectsofscienceandtechnologyweareawayaheadofthem.

句型23［主句（否定结构）+从句（否定结构）］

1.Nothingwasusefulwhichwasnothonest.2.Nothingcanbewhollybeautifulthatisnotuseful.

3.Ihavenevercommittedoneactthatwasnotintheinterestsofmypeople.

4.Bassanio,inhisgrief,repliedthattherewasnothinghewouldnotsacrifice.

句型24［(Therebe)No+主语+but+谓语+其他］

1.Thereisnomanbuthashisfaults.2.(Thereis)Nobodybuthashisfaults.3.Noonebutcandoit.

4.Thereisnorulebuthasexceptions.5.Thereisnobodybutknowsthismatter.

句型25［第一分句（否定式谓语）+but+第二分句（肯定式谓语）］

1.Itneverrainsbutitpours.(=Itneverrainswithoutpouring.)

2.IneverseeyoubutIthinkofmybrother.3.Theynevermeetbuttheydiscussthisproblem.

4.Shenevercomesbutshebringssomethingforthechildren.

[注]汉语中的双重否定句译成英语时不一定用双重否定句。"知无不言，言无不尽。"--Sayallyouknowandsayitwithoutreserve."这样的人是没有不摔跤的。"--Suchpeopleareboundtotripandfall.

排除否定句

句型26［主语+谓语+beyond/beyondthefactthat…］

1.Hedidnothingbeyondwritingoneletter.

2.Hedidnotreallyknowwhathewasgoingtosay,beyondthatthesituationdemandedsomethingromantic.

3.OfOliverEdwards,nothing,Ibelieve,isknownbeyondthefactthathehadbeenatPembrokeCollegewithJohnson.

句型27［主语+谓语+but/butthat/barring…］

1.NooneknowsitbutyouandI.2.Hedidnothingbutwaitfortheresult.

3.Ihavenosecretofsuccessbuthardwork.

4.Icouldntseebutthatthesoldierswouldfightanddieforthesakeoftheircountry.

5.Whobuthewoulddosuchathing?

6.ThemeetingwillbeheldnextTuesdaybarringunforeseenfactors.

句型28［主语+谓语+except/exceptthat/exceptfor/excepting/…］

1.Everyoneisreadyexceptyou.

2.Nomaneverbecamegreatorgoodexceptthroughmanyandgreatmistakes.

3.Exceptalivingmanthereisnothingmorewonderfulthanabook.

4.Welaytherealongtimeinsilence,exceptthatWebbgroanedeverynowandthen.

5.Sheisabsolutelyaloneexceptforherson.

6.Allthesplendidfurnitureofhislateresidencehadbeensold,exceptinghiswifesharp.

句型29［主语+谓语+apartfrom/asidefrom/exclusiveof/withtheexclusionof…］

1.Apartfromthequestionofexpense,itistoolate.2.Asidefromthisstatement,herefusedtotalk.

3.Thebuildingwillcostabout2,500,000Yuan,exclusiveofthemachineryequipment.

4.TheCanalsysteminChinaisthemostextensiveintheworldwiththeexclusionofNetherland.

句型30［主语+谓语+save/savethat/savefor/saving/savingthat…］

1.Idoentreatyou,notamandeparts,saveIalone,tillantonymhasspoken.

2.Inthislifewegetnothingsavebyeffort.

3.Atthishourthegreattunnelwasquietsavewhenatrainroaredabove.

4.Allislostsavehonor.5.Savinghiseyesight,hewasaswellasever.

6.Thebarwasemptysaveforthelandlord.

7.SavingthathefailedinLatin,hedidwell.

句型31［主语+谓语+onlythat/otherthan…］

1.Ihavenothingagainsthim,onlythatIdislikehismanner.

2."IsanythingthematterwithMadeline?"-"No,papa,onlyIhavegotaheadache."

3.Itwasfortifiedonallsidesotherthanthis.

4.Youwillgenerallysufferforwishingtoappearotherthanwhatyouare;whetheritbegreater,ormorelearned.

[注1]besides和apartfrom兼有"除外"和"包括"的意思。Icarefornothingbesides(apartfrom)this.(多用于否定句)

Apartfrom(Besides)English,heisalsowellversedinRussian.(多用于带有also等副词的肯定句)

[注2]inadditionto有"包括"的意思,如:InadditiontoJohnsbeingblamedforthis,hewasblamedalsoforbreakingthewindow.

加强否定句

句型32［主语+强调词语+否定词+谓语动词+其他］

1.Hurlinginsultsandthreatsiscertainlynotfighting.2.Itsimplywillnotdo!

3.Wemustnotbecomecomplacentoveranysuccess.

4.Weabsolutelymustnotrelaxourwill.5.Thenatureofwolveswillneverchange.

6.WithouttheCommunistPartyIshouldassuredlynotbewhatIamtoday.

句型33［主语+be+thelast+名词+不定式…/从句］

1.ForitwasOliver,hiscruelbrother-thelastpersonOrlandowouldhaveexpectedtofindthere.

2.Heisthelastpersontodosuchathing.3.ThisisthelastplacewhereIexpectedtohavemetyou.

4.Breachofpromiseisthelastthingthatheislikelytocommit.

句型34［主语+谓语肯定式+含否定词语的成语+其他］［主语+谓语否定式+含不定词语的成语+其他］

1.AtnotimeandundernocircumstanceswillChinabethefirsttousenuclearweapons.

2.Youngpeopleshouldonnoaccount(=shouldnotonanyaccount)neglecttheirdailyphysicalexercise.

3.Wehaveideals,butwearebynomeansvisionaries.4.Hewillinnowisegiveupstudy.

[注]其他加强否定的方式：1.[…beanythingbut…](决不是)Heisanythingbutascholar.

2.[(Thereis)no+V-ing](决不可)Thereisnodenyingthefact.=Itisabsolutelyimpermissibletodenythefact.因此语意比下句强，"Itisimpossibletodenythefact."

句型35［主语+否定式谓语+微量词+名词+其他］

1.Wemustneverforamomentdivorceourselvesfromthemasses.

2.Themotherdidnothaveawinkofsleepthewholenightonaccountofthechildshighfever.

3.Hedidnotbreatheasinglewordaboutit.

4.ThoughIhavewalkedtwentymiles,Iamnotabittired.

5.Thelittleboyisdofullofenergythatherefusedtostayputforanylengthoftime.

[注]表示微量词的词组中以intheleast为最常见，不少的微量词可用它代替。如：

Iamnotintheleasttired.Iwasnotsurprisedintheleast.Thatboywasnotintheleastafraidofthesnake.

句型36［...否定词+名词+大范围词语...］

1.Therewillbenodifficultyintheworldwhichtheycannotovercome.

2.Thedoctorwaswritingabook,butitwentonsoslowlythatitwouldnotbefinishedwithinathousandyears.

3."Dontyoudance?"-"Imtheworldsworstdancer."

4.Hewasnotatallconfused.5.Itisofnovalueatall.

6.Thisisahistoricaltrendnoforceonearthcanholdback.

[附注1]与汉语中的否定式相对应的英语不一定要用否定式。如："很不好"，不能译成英语的"verynotgood",应换一种说法，"Thisisverybad.","Itisnotgoodatall."汉语"这事我一点也不知道"可译作"Iamquiteinthedarkaboutthematter."或"AboutthisIknewnothing."汉语"我很不喜欢喝酒。"可译作为"Idislikewineverymuch."或"Iamnotabitinterestedinwine./Idontlikewineatall./Iamthelastpersontolikewine.

其次要注意分析。汉语"一窍不通"，是缩小否定数量的说法，最好译成"beutterlyignorant"或"notknowtheABCof…/knownothingof…又如"世界上一切事物无不具有两重性"，这里有几个强调的词语："世界上"，"一切事物"，"无不"。"一切事物"不能用all/allthings,因此只能用缩小量的说法。"Thereisnotasinglethingintheworldwithoutadualnature."

[附注2]一般说来，只要需要，所有的肯定句都可以改为否定句，但一定要依照前面所介绍的各种句型的要求。此外，还应考虑以下几点：

1)逻辑上说不过去的不能改为否定句。WhereisMary?不能改为whereisntMary?

2)句型要求不能用否定式的。Howhard-workingheis!不能改为howhard-workingheisnt!

3)除句型28中列举的一些强调词语有分工外，以下词语只用于肯定句，否定句应采用括号中相对应的异根同义词。Some(not…any);too(not…either);so(neither,nomore);alongway(not…far);alotof/plentyof/agreatdealof/agooddealof…(not…muchof);as…as(notso…as);alreadystill(notyet/notanymore/nomore/nolonger…)

1.Ihavegotsome.→Ihaventgotany.2.Iseeagreatdealofhim.→Ididntseemuchofhim.

3.Wewentalongway.→Wedidntgofar.4.Iwilldosostill.→Illnotdosoanymore.

4)注意may,must,need,can(could)在肯定句与否定句中的含义变化，对应关系也会出现交错现象。

A.表示许可用may(口语中常用can);表示禁止通常用mustnot,有时也用maynot语气较委婉。

"May(Can)Ismokehere?"-"Yes,youmay(can)."或"No,youmustnot."或"Youmaynotsmokehere."

B.表示责任、义务或必要时用must,否定式只能用neednot

"Mustwehandinourhomeworktoday?"-"Yes,youmust.No,youneednt."

C.表示推测指"可能"时，用must;指"不可能"，"不一定"时用cannot/couldnot,有时也用maynot,口气较委婉，意为"也许不"。Thatmustbeamistake.No,itcannotbeamistake.Itmustnotbeamistake

D.表示推测也常用may，指"可能"；否定式同上。Hemayberight/Hecannotberight.Hemaynotberight.

一般判断句

句型［主语+系词be+表语］

1.Knowledgeispower.2.Whatsmineisyours,andwhatisyoursismine.

3."Whoareyou?"-"ItisI."4."WhoisI?"-"Pinocchio."

5.Heisagoodeaterandagoodsleeper.6.Sheisquitethebestdancer,Iknow.

7.Bensagoodrunner;fewseamenrunbetterthanBen.

8."Whatkindofsailorareyou?"-"Imnotmuchofasailor.

9.IknewIdontexpressmyselfproperly:Imabadhandatsentimentality.

10.Ourconferencehasbeenhighlysuccessful.

11.Thesuccessfulconvocationofthenationalscienceconferenceisamatterofgreatjoyforus.

[注1]除了报刊标题和一些谚语格言省略系词外，一般情况下系词是不可随便省略的。汉语说"东方红"，英语一定要用系词，说成"Theeastisred.""他很和气。"英语要说，"Heisverykind."，"你的表不对。"英语不能说"Yourwatchisnotcorrect.",只能说"Itsnotrighttimebyyourwatch."/"Yourwatchdoesnotkeepgoodtime."他是人民的死敌。"英语说"Heisthedeadlyenemyofthepeople."

[注2]英语中有些形容词只作表语用。常见的有：alive,alike,asleep,aware,fond,glad,faint,ill,wellunwell,afraid等等。另一方面要注意，有些形容词不能作表语，只能作定语用。主要有以下几种情况：

1）固定性词组中的形容词。可说"Heismyoldfriend."，不可说"Myfriendisold(或new)."可说"Heisacompletefool."，不可说，"Thefooliscomplete."

2）作强调语的形容词。可说"Itistheveryman."，不可说"Themanisvery."可说"Thisistheonlyoccasion."，不可说"Theoccasionistheonly."

3）起命名作用的关系形容词。可说"Heisanatomicspecialist."，不可说"Thespecialistisatomic."可说"Thisisawoolendress."，不可说"Thedressiswoolen."

句型［主语+mean+宾语或状语］

1.Sciencemeanshonest,solidknowledge.2.Difficultiesandhardshipsmeantnothingtothem.

3.Environmentmeansmuchtoachild.4.Yourfriendshipmeansagreatdealtome.

[注]除be,mean系词外还有become,make,grow,remain,feel,sound,smell,taste,prove,look,get,go,come,keep等。Hehasbecomeacommunist.Shewillmakeaverygoodathlete.NurturedbytheParty,hehasgrownintoagoodcadre

句型［主语+call/name+宾语+宾语补足语］［主语+be+called/named+主语补足语］

1.AnEnglishmancallshimselfyoungatfifty.2.Hecalledhismother"oldgirl",too.

3.WeallcallhimIronOx.4.WenamedhimJohn.5.HeiscalledbythenameofPaul.

6.Thisplaceisrightlycalledanearthlyparadise.7.Hewasnamedafterhisuncle.

句型［主语+regard等+宾语+as+宾语补足语］

1.Iregardhimasanobleman.2.Weregardeditasanhonor.

3.Donttreatcomradesasenemies.4.Welookonourjobasanhonor.

5.Welookuponouryouthasthefutureofourmotherland.

6.Heishonoredasamodelworker.7.Peoplerespectedhimasagreatpoet.

8.Thisroomservesastheoffice.9.TheydisguisedthemselvesasMarxists.

强调判断

句型［主语+be+nootherthan/nonebut+表语（强调内容）］

1.Thisisnootherthanmyoldfriend,John.

2.ThetallfigurethatIsawno/noneotherthanourcommander.

3.ThemanstandingbeforehimwasnoneotherthanthePartybranchsecretary.

4.OurPartysPolicyofcadresistoappointnonebutpeopleontheirmerit.

[注]类似的说法还有nobodyelse,"Isthatyou,Bumble?"-"Nobodyelse."AnsweredMr.Bumble.

句型［主语+be+nothing+(else)but/elsethan/lessthan+表语］

1.Geniusisnothingbutlaboranddiligence.2.Hitlerwasnothingbutapapertiger.

3.Thesituationisnothingelsebut(than)fine.4.Thatsnothinglessthanamiracle.

5.Whathetoldyouwasnothingelsethannonsense.

6.Hisfailurewasduetonothingelsethanhisowncarelessness.

7.Whatweexpectedisnothinglessthanatechnicalrevolution.

[注]相当于本句型的否定说法是"…beanythingbut…",译作"决不是"，如：

Heisanythingbutacoward.(=Heisnotacowardatall.)

句型［Itis/was+强调部分+that/who+从句］

1.Itispoliticalconsciousnessthatgivesvigortohiswritings.

2.Itwasowingtothevictoryoftherevolutionarywarof1776ledbyWashingtonthattheAmericanpeoplewonindependence.3.Itwasafterliberationthatweledahappylife.

4.ItwasinBeijingthatImethimforthefirsttime.

[注]除了以上句型表示强调外，还可以用以下方式来表达：

1）用very,only,certainly,ofcourse，tobesure等词语加强语气，如：

ThatstheverythingIneed.Thereportiscertainlyfalse.Heis,nodoubt,agoodpupil.

2)用"fromfirsttolast","outandout"(多用于反面)，"throughandthrough"(多用于正面)等成语加强语气，如：Itisadelusionfromfirsttolast…Heisatraitoroutandout.Heisarevolutionarythroughandthrough.

3)用准系词remain,continue等，如：Goldremainsgoldinthefurnaceofhistoryanddrossremainsdross.

4)有时用"…beneithermorenorlessthan…",(不多不少，十足)如：Itisneithermorenorlessthanalie.

弱势判断句

句型［主语+seem等感觉动词+表语］

1.Mycompanionlookedashamed."Well,"hesaid,"youwereright…"

2.Thesituationseemedquiteencouraging.3.Yoursentencedoesntsoundright.

4.Sheappearedquitetouchedatthewords.5.Ittastessweet.

6.Thecountryseemedtobegoingtothedogs.WarwiththeSouthorsecessionwasvaguelylookinginthedistance.

句型［主句+asif/asthough+从句（主语+虚拟式谓语）］

1.Youspokeasifyouhadbeenherebefore.2.IfeelasifIweretenyearsyounger.

3.Italmostseemedasifthegoodmanweretryingtoteachusallheknewatthislastlesson.

4.…hisexposedthroatlookedasifahalterwouldhavedoneitgood.

[注]在asif后面可以直接跟不定式，这是一种间缩的用法，如：Heopenedhislipsasiftosaysomething.

其次，在asif后面的谓语动词也有人用现在时的，如：Itlooksasifoursideis(或were)goingtowin.

句型［主语+may(+not)+be+表语+虚拟式谓语）］［Perhaps等副词+主语+谓语+其他］

1.Itmay(not)betrue.2."Thisfellow"hethought,"maynotbeascamp…"

3.Whatmonthisthis?-MaybeitsJuly.4.Perhapsyouareright.

5.Perhapssheisill.6.Itwillprobablybefinetomorrow.7.Possiblyitistrue.

句型［主语+be+itissaid,/asitwere,等+表语］

1.sheis,itissaid(或theysay),thebestpupilintheclass.

2.Peopleinthatvillage,itissaid(或theysay),areallkind-hearted.

3.Heisnotequaltothetask,asitwere.4.Heis,asitwere,awalkingdictionary.

5.Withtheilliterateaudience,hefelthimselfasitwerecastingpearlsbeforeswine.

6.Itisntaverygoodsuggestion,tosaytheleastofit.

[注]有两个词组容易与asitwere混淆，就是asitis,asitwas。这两个词组必须用在和它们的时态一致的句中。意思是"照现在的样子"，"照当时的样子"，但都引申译为"事实上"，如：Itisimpossibletocarryouttheplanasitis.

句型［主语+be+saidtobe/so-called/,whatiscalled,+表语］

1.HeissaidtobeanexcellentChinesescholar.2.Thisissaidtobethefinestparkinshanghai.

3.Thatisso-calledcivilizedworld.Thatisso-callednaturalism.

4.Heiswhatiscalled,apoet.Heis,whatiscalled,alivingdictionary.

注释判断句

句型［被说明的部分，+thatis(i.e.),/thatistosay,/namely(viz),/inotherwords+说明部分］

1.Mr.Greencametoseemenotlongago,thatis,onlylastweek.

2.We-thatistosay,JohnandI-intendtoresign.

3.Rulesofgrammarcannotbeprofitablystudiedintheabstract-thatistosay,withoutexamples.

4.Heisanoutstandingspecialist,thatistosay,heisbothredandexpert.

5.Wehavefivesenses,namely,sight,hearing,smell,taste,andtouch.

6.Amanshouldneverbeshamedtoownhehasbeeninthewrong,whichisbutsaying,inotherwords,thatheiswisertodaythanhewasyesterday.

7.IdonotknowMr.Flynn,i.e.,donotknowhimwellenoughtosayifheisabsolutelyreliable.

句型［被说明的部分，+tobemoreexact,/ormorecorrectly,/orrather+说明部分］

1.Threeweekstomorrow,tobemoreexact(ormorecorrectly),the10thofMayismybirthday.

2.Thisisapillar,ormorecorrectly,acolumn.3.Itisahutor,tobemoreexact,acowshed.

4.Histheory,orrather,hypothesis,wasnotunobjectionable.

5.Wegothomelatelastnight,orrather,earlythismorning.

正反判断句

句型［主语+be+not+表语A,+but+表语B］/［主语+be+表语B+and(或but)not+表语A］

1.Iamveryill,notbodily,butmentally.

2.WhatIadmireinColumbusisnothishavingdiscoveredaworld,buthishavinggonetosearchforitonthefaithofanopinion.

3.Thetragedyisnotinnotknowing,butinnotknowingthatyoudontknow.

4.TheMarxist-Leninisttheoryisnotadogma,butaguidetoaction.

5.Heisanordinaryworker,andnotacadre.

6.Itisyours,andnotmine.(=itisnotmine,butyours.)

句型［(Itis)not…that(who)…,but…that(who)…］

1.(Itis)NotthatIdislikethework,butthatIhavenotime.

2.Notthatweareafraidofdifficulties,butthattheyareafraidofus.

3.Itisnotheroesthatmakehistory,buthistorythatmakesheroes,andthat,consequently,itisnotheroeswhocreatepeople,butthepeoplewhocreateheroesandmovehistoryonward.

句型［Sofarfrombeing+表语，主语+谓语+其他］

1.Sofarfrombeingahelp,hewashindrance.2.Sofarfrombeingtrue,thenewsisfalse.

3.Sofarfrombeingashamedofit,hegloriesinit.

[注]在一般陈述句中仅用farfrom也可以表示一正一反的意义,如:Farfrompraisinghim,Imustpositivelyblamehim.

句型［主语+seem等感觉动词+表语，+but+inreality/infact/inessence+…］

1.Thatsoundsallright,butinrealityitisnot.

2.Thismayseemabadthing,butinrealityitisagoodthing

3.Helooksignorant,butinfactheisveryclever.

4.Thetwothingsthoughsimilarinformaredifferentinessence.

5.Heappearstobewell,butreallyheisratherill.

6.HethinkshimselfaswiseasSolomon,butinrealityheisacompletefool.

[注]insteadof可以用来表示正反判断，如：Wemustworkhardinsteadofspendingourtimeidly.

比较判断句

句型［主语+be+less表语A+than+表语B］/［主语+be+more表语B+than+表语A］

1.Experienceshowsthatsuccessisduelesstoabilitythantozeal.Thewinnerishewhogiveshimselftohiswork,bodyandsoul.

2.Itisevenmoreapicturethanapoem.3.Heismoreshythan(heis)unsocial.

4.Ariverthatcarriessomuchsiltpercubicmeter(590kilograms-overhalfaton)ismorelikeliquidlandthanwater

[注1]more后面如果跟形容词，形容词要用原级，如：（正）Hewasmoreangrythanfrightened.

(误)Hewasmoreangrierthanfrightened.(误)Hewasangrierthanfrightened.

[注2]成语"moredeadthanalive"(劳累已极、累得要死)是一种夸张的说法，原意是"与其说还活着，不如说是死了。"如："Oliver,moredeadthanalive,couldanswerYes.

句型［主语+be+表语B+ratherthan+表语A］

1.Heisanordinaryworkerratherthanacadre.2.Heisratherdiligentthanclever.

3.Thepatientwasworseratherthanbetter.4.Heisanartistratherthanaphilosopher.

句型［主语+be+notsomuch+表语A+as+表语B］

1.Heisnotsomuchascholarasawriter.(notsomuch…as=less…than)

2.Itisnotsomuchthebeingexemptfromfaults,ashavingovercomethem,thatisanadvantagetous.

3.Itisnotsomuchadviceasapprovalthatheseeks.

[注]该句型也常用于行为动词作谓语的句子中。如：Amansworthliesnotsomuchinwhathehasasinwhatheis.

Theoceansdonotsomuchdividetheworldasuniteit.

互斥判断句

句型主语+be+(either)表语A+or+表语B］/［(Either)主语A+or+主语B+be+表语］

1.Heoryouaremistaken.Youorheismistaken.

2.Heisattheofficeorattheworkshop.3.Eitheryourbrakesoryoureyesightisatfault.

4.Itiswrongtoregardourworkeitherastotallygoodorascompletelybad.

5.EitherheisrightorIam.(=EitherheorIamright.)

[注]该句型可以采用简易方式："Ifitisnot…itis…"如：ifitisnottakingthesocialistroad,itistakingthecapitalistroad.

延续否定句

句型11［（前句）否定句，+（后句）否定句］

1."Oh,no,no,noandagainno,"saidPinocchio."Imustbeagoodboy."

2."AmItroublingyou?"-"no,notintheleast."

3.Ishallneverdoit,notunderanycircumstances.

4.Wemustnotthinkofhimasabig,strongboy.Farfromit!

5.Idontknowhowmuchyouvegot,andIdaresayyouhardlyknowyourself,asitwouldtakeaprettylongtimetocountit.

句型12［(前句)主语+否定式谓语…，(后句）not+(同前)主语］

1.Illnotdosuchathing,notI.2.Hewillnotbreakhisword,nothe.

3.Theywillnotbediscouraged,notthey.4.TomcannotspeakRussian,nothe.

句型13［(前句)否定句，+(后句）not/neither］

1.Friedadidntgotothedance,neitherdidFanny.2.Youcantdoit,norcananybodyelse.

3.Youdidnotseehim,neitherdidI.4.Areyounotgoing?NeitheramI.

5.Oliverdidnotcomethatday,northenextday;northenextafterthat,norformany,manydaysafter.

6.Iknownotwhat,norwhere,neitherwhatlatitude,whatcountry,whatnation,orwhatriver.Ineithersaw,nordesiredtoseeanypeople;theprincipalthingIwantedwasfreshwater.

[注1]有时根据意义上的需要，下列句子是允许的。

Ithoughtofhim(=Ididntforgethim),nordidIforgetyou.

[注2]前句用little,hardly等半否定词，后句同样可跟延续否定句。

Theworldwilllittlenote,norlongrememberwhatwesayhere,butitcanneverforgetwhattheydidhere.

句型14［（前句）否定句，+（后句）no/not/nor…either…(or)…］

1.Wearenotinthewrong,nor(is)Johneither.2.Icannotsing,Icannotdance,either.

3.Maryhasnobrothers,nocousins,either.4.Idontknowit.Youdontknoweither?

5.Chinawillnotbeasuperpower,noteithertodayoreverinthefuture.

[注]英语中"也"的概念在肯定句中通常用too,also或…andaswell

句型15［主语+否定式谓语…，+增强语气词(much,still,even,far,alot,agreatdeal等)+less+名词词组或从句］表示"…,更不用说…"。

1.Icouldnotassentto,muchlessparticipateinsuchproceedings.

2.…hedarednotopenlychargeherwiththeattempt,muchlesspunishherforit.

3.Hedoesntlikemusic,stilllessdancing.

4.Ididnotevenseehim,stilllessshakehandswithhim.

5.Ihavenomind(idea)tolendthisbooktoanyone,muchlesstopartwithit.(割爱)

[注](much,still,even,far,alot,agreatdeal等)+more也用于追补某些未说完的内容，但muchmore只用于肯定句，不能引导延续否定句。如:Ilikemusic,muchmoredancing.HespeaksFrench,muchmoreEnglish.

Everyonehasarighttoenjoyhisliberty,muchmorehislife.

句型16［主语+否定式谓语…;+tosaynothingof/nottospeakof/nottomention+名词词组］

［主语+否定式谓语…;letalone+名词词组或从句］

1.HedoesnotknowEnglish,tosaynothingofGermanorFrench.

2.Inoldchinatherewashardlyanymachine-buildingindustry,tosaynothingofanaviationindustry.

3.Atthattimetheycouldnotaffordtheordinarycomfortsoflife,nottospeakofluxuries.

4.Idontknowalgebraorgeometry,nottomentioncalculus.

5.Ineverthoughtofit,letalone(或muchless,stillless)didIdoit.

[注1]"nottosay"与"tosaynothingof",意思相差很远。"nottosay"是"不到"的意思，如：Itiswarm,nottosayhot.

[注2]apartfrom;independentlyof(姑且不说…)如：Quiteapartfrom(orindependentlyof)sayingagooddealofmoneyindrawingillustrationsmyself,Iderivedmuchpleasurefromit.

半否定句

句型17［主语+带hardly等半否定词的谓语+（其他）］

1.Itscarcelymatters.2.IhavehardlyeverbeenoutofLondon…

3.ThedowntownsectionofNewYorkhashardly(almostnot)atreeorasinglebladeofgrassanywherealongthenarrowdustystreets.

4.Hewouldhardlyrecognizehishometownifhesawitnow.

5.Weseldomhearsuchfinesingingfromschool.6.Littleremainstobesaid.

句型18［半否定词+or/if+否定代词或否定副词+…］

1.Few,however,ifany,besidestheKinghimselfbelievedthatHermionewasguilty.

2.Isawlittleornothingofhimafteryouweregone.

3.Sheseldomornever(ifever)madeamistake.4.Mr.Morrisseldomorneverwentout.

5.Peterreadlittleornothing(littleifanything)insummervacation.

一般疑问句

句型［特殊定式动词+主语+（not）谓语+其他］

1."Areyougoingwithus?"-"Yes,Im."

2."Haveyouhadanynewsofyourhorsethismorning?"-"Yes,hesfitasafiddle."

3."Doyoulikeyourhouse?"-"Oh,fearfully.Wontyoucomeandseeit?"

4.Canyounot(=cantyou)walkalittlefaster?

5.Oughtwenot(=Oughtntwe)togivehimachancetotry?

句型94［Do(does,did)+主语+（not）谓语+其他］

1.DoyouhappentoknowMr.Coopersaddress?2.Didyouhaveagoodtime?

3."DoesthisbustakemetoOxfordCircus?"-"Yes,geton,please."

[注]要注意对否定句的回答与汉语习惯不同，如：1.Didntyouspeaktohimyesterday?No,Ididnt.Yes,Idid.

2.ArentyouoftheHannationality?Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.

反义疑问句

句型［陈述句（肯定），+特殊定式动词（否定）+主语］

1."YoustudyEnglish,dontyou?"-"Yes,wedo."

2."Theyhavedecidednottogo,haventthey?""Yes,theyhave."

3.Youlikeit,dontyou?4.Hesready,isnthe?

句型［陈述句（否定），+特殊定式动词（肯定）+主语］

1."Youwontbeawayforlong,willyou?"-"No,Illbebackinanhourorso."

2."…IthinkIllgointothegreenline.Youcouldntgivemeahelpinghand,couldyou,Mr.Snape?"

3."IdliketogotoCentralAustraliawithyou….youhaveneverbeenoutofEngland,haveyou?"

4."Hedoesntknowanythingaboutit,doeshe?"-"No,hedoesnt.

特指疑问句

句型［疑问词（主语）+系词+表语］/［疑问词（定语）+主语+行为动词+宾语］

1.Whoisthere?2.WhogivesyourEnglishlessons?3.Whatisinthebox?4.Whichismine?

5.Whosebookisonthedesk?6.Howmanystudentsworkintheworkshop?

7.Whatnewproductshavebeenturnedoutinthatfactory?

句型疑问词(表语/宾语/状语)+特殊定式动词+主语+行为动词…］

1.Whoishe?2.Whatishe?3.Whatishelike?4.Whatisitlike?5.Whatkindofmanishe?

6.Whatdayistoday?7.Whatsthedatetoday?8.Whattimeisitnow?9.Howdoyoudo?

10.Howareyougettingalong?(=howgoesitwithyou?=howislife?=howiseverythingwithyou?

11.Howisyourhealth?12.Howdoyoufeel?13.Whatsmatterwithyou?

14.Whereareyougoing?15.Wheredoyoucomefrom?16.Whereareyoufrom?

17.Whatsyournationality,please?18.Whatfamilyareyoufrom?

句型［疑问词+intheworld/onearth/thedevil/thedeuce/ever等强调词语+其他］

1."WhatthedeuceshallIwriteabout?"-Hethought.2.Whatintheworlddoyoumean?

3.Whoonearth(intheworld)toldyouthat?4.Whothedevilishe?

5.Whatthedeuceisthematter?6.Whatthedickensisit?7.Whoeverwantsthis?

选择疑问句

句型［一般疑问句+or+一般疑问句］

1.Shallwecometoseeyouorwillyoucometoseeus?

2.AreyoufromtheSouthorfromtheNorth?3.WillhegoonMondayoronTuesday?

4.Didyouspeaktothem,ordidthemanager?5.Wheresthebank?ShouldIgothiswayorthatway?

句型［特指疑问句，+AorB?］

1."Whatwouldyoulike,ChineseorEuropeanfood?"-"Idontmindonewayortheother."

2.Whichwouldyouratherhave-steakorfish?3.Whowillbeyourteacher,Mr.BrownorMr.Cooper?

4.Wheredidyouspendyourleave:inShanghaiorinHangzhou?

5.Whenwillhegothere,tomorroworsomeotherday?

间接疑问句

句型［适当的主语+疑问关联词+从句(正常语序)］

1.Idliketoknowhowoldyouare.2.Heinquiredhowitwasdone.

3."GuesshowoldIam."-"Idsayyoureabouttwenty-three."4.Iaskyouwhatyouwant.

5.PleaseadvisemewhichbookIshouldreadfirst.6.Tellmewhyitissoimportant.

句型［适当的主语+if/whether+从句(正常语序)］

1.Isometimesaskmyselfthequestionwhetheritwasworththeeffort.

2.Iaskyouwhetheritistrueornot.3.SheaskedifIhadslept.4.Tellmewhetheryoulikeit.

5.Hevisitedusnextdayandaskedifwehadgothomesafe.6.Sheinquiredifhelikedthepost.

双重疑问句

句型一般疑问句+疑问关联词+从句(正常语序)］

1.Canyoutellmewherehehasgone?2.Haveyouanyideawherehelives?

3.MayIaskyouthenwhatyouwouldadvisemetodo?4.Doyouknowwholiveshere?

5.Doyouknowwhenhewasborn?

句型［疑问词+doyouthink/didyousay/canyouguess/doyousuppose+其他（正常语序)］

1.Whatwillbetheresult,doyouthink?

2."Howoldwereyouthen,Clyde,didyousay?""Betweenseventeenandeighteen."

3.Whendoyouthinkthemeetingwillbeheld?

4.Howmanybooks,canyouguess,didhebuytheotherday?

5.Whatdoyousupposeheshangingaroundhere?

修辞疑问句

句型［陈述句（肯定）+反问句（肯定）］

1.Wereoldfriends,notstrangers,right?2.Soyouvebeenabroad,haveyou?

3.Shesasweetlittlegirl,isshe?

4.Thelandreformhasjustreachedthestageofdecidingeveryonesclassstatus,soyoucomesuckingaround,doyou?

句型［疑问词+should+主语+动词原形+其他］

1.WhoshouldIseebutmyownbrother?2.Whoshouldtherebe?

3.Whyshouldthedoorbelocked?4.Who/WhomshouldIseeinthecourtyardbutMr.Smith?

5. "WhereisJane?"-"HowshouldIknow?"6.Whyshouldhebeangrywithme?

句型［Oh,/So+陈述句+反问句］

1.Oh,hesherenow,ishe?2.Oh,youtoldhimallaboutit,didyou?

3.Soyouvetheluggagetakentothestation,haveyou?

4.Soyouregoingabroad,areyou?

回响疑问句

句型［A:陈述句+B:疑问句（重复A句中的部分）］

1.A:Ididntlikethatmeal.B:Youdidntlikeit?（怀疑）

2."Imtired."-"Areyou?"（怀疑）3.A:TheBrownsareemigrating.B:Emigrating?（惊讶）

4.A:Itcostsixtydollars.B:Howmuchdiditcost?（惊讶）

5.A:Switchthelightoff,please.Ｂ:Switchthelightoff,yousay?/Switchwhatoff?（反对）

句型［A:疑问句+B:重述性疑问句］

1.A:Whatdoyouthinkofthepicture?B:WhatdoIthinkofit?（怀疑）

2.A:Howdidyouenjoythecarnival?B:HowdidIenjoywhat?（要求）

3.A:Howdidyouenjoyyourholidays?B:HowdidIenjoymyholidays?（考虑回答）

4.A:Haveyouborrowedmypen?B:(HaveI)Borrowedyourpen?（反驳）

陈述式疑问句

句型［任何陈述形式的疑问句（词序不变）］

1.Myfriendshere?2.Youwouldntseemeleftherealone?

3."Youfollowedus,then?"-"Whatsthattoyou?..."saidJones,"Gotothedevil!"

4.Atwomilliondollarbuilding,youcanttouchthewalls?

5."Youarenotill?"wasthequestionput,"Alittlesick,"repliedMissKeldar.

句型［…疑问词（在剧中任何位置上）］

1."Youusethatpositionasafavoritetoinsultagentleman."-"Toinsultawhat?"saidSteerforth.

2.Fivetimeswhatnumbermakestwenty?

3.Iaskedthecarrier,"Arewegoingallthewaythere?"-"Allthewaywhere?"askedthecarrier

4.Youretwenty-what(odd)thisyear?5.Hesyourwho?6.Yourwhoisasteel-worker?

7.Howoldachildcoulddrawthis?8.Heisyoursonofwhatnumber?

1.两相关联

句型［…two…:one…,(and)theother…］/［…two…:one…,(and)another…］

1.Therearetwobooksonthetable:oneisChineseandtheother,English.

2.Everytimeyoubreathe,youbreathetwodifferentbreaths.Youtakeinoneandgiveoutanother.

3.Therearethreeballs.Oneisblackandtheothersarewhite.

句型［…one(thing)…,(and/but)…another…］

1.Itisonethingtoflourishandanothertofight.2.Tosayisonething,buttodoisanother.

3.Itisonethingtolearn,andanothertoteach.4.Toknowisonething,topractiseisanother

句型［On(the)onehand,…andontheother(hand)…］

1.Ontheonehand,Iamyourteacher,andontheother,Iamalsoyourcomradeandfriend.

2.Theyhavebeenblamedononehandandlaudedontheother.

3.Ontheonehand,youshouldntbeshy,ontheotherhand,youmustntforgetyourmanners.

4.Ontheonehand,theremustbegreatenthusiasminwork,andontheother,labormustbealternatedwithrest.

句型［…two(both)…,theone…(and)theother或theformer…(and)thelatter或thefirst…(and)thesecond或that(those)…(and)this(these)…］

1.Ihavetwobrothers,PaulandRichard;theone(theformer)isfifteenandtheother(thelatter)iseleven.

2.Accuracyandexpressivenessarethetworequisitesintranslation;theone(thefirst)istoexpresstheexactthoughtoftheoriginalarticleandtheother(thesecond)istomakethetranslationreadilyunderstood.

3.Todieortoyield?Iprefertheformeralternativetothelatter.

4.InhislecturehedweltespeciallyuponAhQandKongI-ji,pointingoutthatthesecondaswellasthefirstwasatype.

5.Workandplayarebothnecessarytohealth,this(thelatter)givesusrest,andthat(theformer)givesusenergy.

6.Theykeephorsesandcattle,thoseforriding,andtheseforfood.

[注]如果连举三件事物或人，然后加以说明时，可用152句型的扩充式："…three,one(theone)…another(theother/thesecond)…athird(thethird)…"。如：

1.Therearethreepeople.Oneisaworker,anotherisapeasant,andathirdisasoldier.

2.Onceuponatimetherelivedthreepeople:theonewasdeaf,theother(second)wasblind,andthethirdwaslame.

句型［Some…(and)some/others…］

1.Somesayyes,andsomesayno.2.Someliketoplayfootball,othersarefondofbasketball.

3.Everyoneofushasanengine,i.e.thebrain,somepeoplecanuseit,andsomepeoplecannot.

4.Afterwefinishschool,someofuswillentertheuniversitiestostudy,someofuswillworkinthefactories;someofuswillgotothecountryside,andsomeofuswillbesoldiersinthearmy.

5.Someareplayinggamesunderabigtree.Somearedancinginaring.Othersarerowingonthelake,andstillothersaresingingontheplayground.

[注]类似本句型的还有：

1)"…partof+名词…,therest(of+名词)如：Thegraduatesofourschoolnumbertwohundredandthirty,partofwhomarestudyingonwhiletherest(remainder)aregoingtothecountrysideorenteringfactories.

2)"…part…part…"如：Athome,IoftenspeakasentencepartinChinesepartinEnglish.

3)"…half…half…"如：Thisalloyishalfcopperhalfsilver.

先后顺序

句型［…first,…,second,…,third,…,lastly,…］［…One,…,Two,…,Three,…,Four,…］

［…first(firstly),…,secondly,…,thirdly,…,lastly,…］

1.Tombrowniswellknowninthiscity.(First)Hehasbeenamemberofthecitycouncilformanyyears.Secondly,andfarmoreimportantly,heisafootballplayerofnationalreputation.

2.First,Iwishbothofyougoodhealth.Second,Iwishbothofyousuccessinyourwork;andthird,Iwishbothofyougoodluckineverything.

3.Whatdoweneedinordertoreallywin?Weneedthreethings:first-arms,second-arms,third-armsandarmsagain.

句型［First/Atfirst/Firstofall…,soon/afterwards…,then/later/lately…,finally/eventually/atlast…］

1.Firstthink,(and)thenspeak.2.Atfirstyoumayfindithard,butitwillsoonbecomeeasy.

3.Ithinkthisfirstdayofourvacationisgoingtobeveryenjoyableforus.Wellprobablyfirstplayagameoftennis.Afterwardswelltakeashower.Thenwelldosomesun-bathingonthebeach.Eventually,welltakeawalkintotown.

4.FirsthegoestoParis,thenhegoestoBrussels,thenhemakesuphismindtogotoParisagain,andthenfinallydecidestocomehome.

5.First,thesensesaretobesettowork;then,memory;and.,atlast,understandingandjudgment.

句型［Tobeginwith/Atthebeginning…,next/secondly/thesecondpoint…,furthermore/moreover…,finally/thefinalpoint/andtoconclude…］

1.Tobeginwith,heistooyoung;secondly,hehasnotfinishedhisstudies.

2.Theycannotagree.Tobeginwith,theyquarrel.Next,theycalleachothernames.Finally,theyfighteachotherwiththeirspears.3.Atthebeginningheshowedsomereluctance,butfinallyconsented.

4.Takingthepictureismainlyaquestionofspeed,firstinselectingthesubject,nextinfocusingthecamera,furthermore,intakingtheactualpictureandfinallyinhandingoutthecard.

[注]这种常见的呼应承接方式：1)开头用语：Tobeginwith,wemaysaythat…Iwanttobeginbysaying…

ThefirstthingIwanttosay…AtfirstIwanttosay…

2)中间承接用语：Next,begtopointoutthat…ThenextpointImustmakeis…Anotherthingis:…

Therestillanotherthing:…Iwanttomakeonemorepoint…

3)结束用语：Iwillsumupbysaying…Iwillconcludebysaying…Thefinalpointis…

ThefinalthingIwanttosayisthis…

修饰限制

句型［…thesame+名词+as/that+从句］

1.Thisisthesamebagas（相似）/that(同一)Ilostyesterday.

2.Isthisthesameasyoushowedmebefore?3.Iamofthesameopinionasyou(areoftheopinion).

4.Heisofaboutthesameageasyou(areoftheage).

5.Thisisthesame(=very)manthatImettheotherday.

6.Agoodbookmaybeamongthebestoffriends.Itisthesametodaythatitalwayswas,anditwillneverchange.

7.Thisisbutanexpressionofrevisionism,thesamerevisionismthatLeninfought.

[注]本句型中as有时可以当that用，如：Wedroveoutofthetownbythesameroadaswehadenteredby.

如果thesame表示"同一"时，后接with+名词，如：Icameinthesamebuswithhim.

Theyareinthesameclasswithus.

句型［…such…+名词+as+名词或从句］

1.Thereisnosuchplaceasyoudreamofinallthisworld.2.IlikesuchfinecityasBeijing.

3.Thiswassuchamereplatitudeasalmosttogowithoutsaying.

4.NowhereintheworldistheresuchaplaceforanidlemanasLondon.

5.ThewavesweresuchasIneversawbefore.

6."…wecantbelieveyou.Thereisnosuchcountryintheworldastheoneyouhavetoldusabout…."

[注]本句型中as不可以用that,which或who取代。如:（错）Donottalkaboutsuchthingsthat/whichyoudonotunderstand.应说：Donottalkaboutsuchthingsasyoudonotunderstand.或Donottalkaboutthosethingsthat/whichyoudonotunderstand.

句型［…one/he;those/they+who（定语从句）］

1.Helaughsbestwholaughslast.2.Hewhowouldsearchforpearlsmustdivebelow.

3.Theywhoarefullofthemselvesareveryempty.

4.Thereisnoroyalroadtoscience,andonlythosewhodonotdreadthefatiguingclimbofitssteeppathshaveachanceofgainingitsluminoussummits.

5.Thosewhounderstandthisformulaholduptheirhands.

句型［…all+who/that（定语从句）］

1.Irememberedthatallwhotookpartintheeveningdanceforjoy.

2.AllwhomIsawherewerediligentattheirwork.3.Alliswellthatendswell

4.Allthathedoes,hedoesitwell.

5.Allthatyoudo,dowithyourmight,thingsdonebyhalvesareneverdoneright.

[注]英语中有专用以指物的句式，如：Itisthatthat(多用which)Ineed.Thosethatsucceedaremostlycorrect.

句型［Aperson等+who定语从句］

1.Manwhohasasettledpurposewillsurelysucceed.

2.Donotblametheonewhospeaksbutheedwhatyouhear

3.Apersonwhomeetswithdifficultiesmayaskhiscomradesforhelp.

4.PeoplewhoareliberalslookupontheprinciplesofMarxismasabstractdogma.

5.Apersonwhodoesnotdohisdutywillnotsucceed.

6.Peoplewholiveinglasshousesshouldnotthrowstones.

[注]以上句型都含有"条件"意味，不过不能在句子前加if，不然就用条件从句来表示,如:（错）Ifapersonwhodoesnotdohisdutywillnotsucceed.应说:Ifapersondoesnotdohisduty,hewillnotsucceed.

句型［…theday/time…+when（定语从句）］

1.IshallneverforgetthedaywhenIenteredtheuniversity.

2.Thetimewillcomeafterallwhenwearevictorious.

3.Thedaywillcomewhenhistorywillspeak.

4.Hehadseenthedaywhentherewerenomotorcarsontheroads.

5.GoneforeverarethedayswhentheimperialistscoulddoastheypleasedinAsia,AfricaandLatinAmerica.

两相连接

句型［…notonly/notenough/notmerely…+also/butalso(too)/but…(aswell)…］

1.Inotonlyheardit,but(also)Isawit.=Inotonlyheardit,Isawit,too(aswell).=Inotonlyheardit,butsawitaswell.

2.Wevecomealongwaytoyourcountrynotonlytogiveperformances,but,whatsmoreimportant,topromotemutualunderstandingbetweenus.

3.Itisnotonlywhatwedo,butalsowhatwedonotdo,forwhichweareaccountable.

4.Ifyourfriendremindsyoukindlyofyourfaults,takewhathesaysnotmerelypleasantlybutthankfully.

5.Itisnecessaryforustolearnfromtheveteranworkersnotenoughtheirskillbutalsotheirnoblerevolutionaryspiritandgoodproletarianqualities.

[注1]注意本句型中连词所连接的是两个同等成分，连词的位置应摆在两个同等成分的前面。如：

（误）HenotonlyspeaksEnglish,butalsoFrench.（正）HespeaksnotonlyEnglish,butalsoFrench.

[注2]如果本句型中连词所连接的是两个主语，其谓语动词应与靠近的一个名词保持人称和数的一致。如：

Notonlythechildrenbutalsotheirfatherisinthetown.Notonlythemanbut(also)hischildrenareinthetown.

[注3]sofarfrom[不…而…]Sofarfromtheraindoinganygood,itdidagooddealofharm.

句型［…名词A+aswellas+名词B］/［…名词B+and+名词+Aaswell］

1.Heaswellasyouisverydiligent.

2.Youaswellasheareverydiligent.(cf.Notonlyyoubutalsoheisverydiligent.)

3.Thesepillsaregoodtopreventdisease,aswellastocurewhenoneissick.

4.Thechildislivelyaswellashealthy.5.TheylearnFrenchaswellasEnglish.

[注1]注意aswellas用在肯定句中与否定句中的含义不同，如：

He,aswellashissister,hasjoinedtheParty.He,aswellashissister,hasnotyetjoinedtheParty.

HehasnotyetjoinedthePartyaswellashissister.（他还没有像他姐姐那样入了党。）

[注2]如果连接的成分较多，还可以将句型166，167结合起来用，如：Thisprojectnotonlyhascomeintofullplayinirrigation,butalsoplayedanimportantpartindevelopingwaterpower,navigationandfisheryaswellasinprovidingindustrialwatersupply.

句型［…both+A(名词)+and+B(名词)…］［…atonce+A(名词)+and+B(名词)…］

1.BothmywifeandMrs.Bakerareveryfondofmusicandbothplaythepianoverywell.

2.Thebookisalike(=both)agreeableandinstructive.3.Hehasbothabilityandprinciple.

4.Dickenslanguage,atoncerich,colorfulandvaried,islikeafineandsensitivemusicalinstrument.

5.Achildisaresponsibilitybothtoitsparentsandtosociety.

句型［…neither…nor…］

1.Neitheryounorheistoblame.2.Marywasneitherhappy,norwasshesad.

3.Hownicetheweatheris！Itisneitherhotnorcold.

4.Ineitherexpressedsurpriseatthisresolutionnorattemptedtodissuadeherfromit.

[注1]如果连接两个以上的并列成分，可用以下方式：

1)"…neitherA,ＢnorC…"如：Theysparenothing,neithertheirlabor,theirwealthnoreventheirlives.

2)"…neitherA,BnorC,norD…"如：NeitheryounorInoranybodyelsehasseenit.

[注2]诗歌中的"nor…nor…"="neither…nor…"如：Norheavennorearthhavebeenatpeacetonight.

句型174［…either…or…］

1.Pleaseeithercomeinorgoout,dontstandthereinthedoorway.

2.EitherIwillfindaway,orIwillmakeone.3.Itsnottobeforgottenorforgiveneither.

4.Infact,thepoorpeopleinEnglandaregiventhealternative,eithertodieofhungerquicklyoutsidetheworkhouse,ortodieofhungerslowlyinsideit.

[注]本句型可用于否定句,但句型166，168不用于否定句,如:(误)Henotonlydoesntfearhardships,butalsonotfeardeath.(不用于否定句)(误)Hedoesntfearbothhardshipanddeath.(误)Hefearsnotneitherhardship,nordeath.(正)Hefearsneitherhardshipnordeath.Hedoesntfeareitherhardshipordeath.