初中英语重点语法短语句型大全实用20篇

表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。

with+名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语

举例:Hestoodthere,hishandraised.

=Hestoodthere,withhishandraise.

典型例题

Themurderwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback。

A.beingtied B.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied

答案D.with+名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D.

注意:

1)独立主格结构使用介词的问题：

当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但with的复合结构不受此限制

Arobberburstintotheroom,knifeinhand.

(hand前不能加his)。

2)当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分词，不及物动词用过去分词。

Helaythere,histeethset,hishandclenched,hiseyeslookingstraightup.

典型例题：

Weather___,wellgooutforawalk.

Apermitted Bpermitting Cpermits Dforpermitting

答案B.本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。句中使用了逗号，且we小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构，其结构为：名词+分词。由于permit在这里翻译为天气允许，表主动，应用现在分词，故选B。

如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式，不妨将句子改为条件句，例如本句改为Ifweatherpermits,wellgooutforawalk.然后将if去掉，再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。

介词短语在句子中的位置：

介词短语做状语时,如果表示时间/地点,可以放在句首或句尾,如果表示方向/方式/伴随/涉及/原因/目的/比较,一般放在句尾；介词短语作表语时放在连系动词之后；介词短语作定语时,只能放在被修饰的名词之后。如：

HewantedtofindagoodjobinShanghaithenextyear.(状语)(他想来年在上海找份好工作)

Theysearchedtheroomforthethief.(他们在房间里搜索小偷)

Thelettersareforyou.(表语)(信是给你的)

Haveyouseenacatwithablackheadandfourwhitelegs?(定语)(你看见一只黑头白腿的猫了吗？)

现在进行时

1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

2.时间状语：now，atthistime，thesedays，etc。

3.基本结构：

am/is/are+doing

否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing。

一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。

4.用法：

1)表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。

例如：Wearewaitingforyou。我们正在等你。

2)习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。

例如：Mr。Greeniswritinganothernovel。他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)

3)表示渐变，这样的动词有：get，grow，become，turn，run，go，begin等。

例如：Theleavesareturningred。叶子在变红。

It‘sgettingwarmerandwarmer。天越来越热了。

4)与always，constantly，forever等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：

Youarealwayschangingyourmind。你老是改变主意。

5)用现在进行时表示将来

下列动词come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return等瞬时动词的现在进行时可以表示将来。

例如：I‘mleavingtomorrow。明天我要走了。

Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?你会在这儿呆到下周吗?

新初三快扫码关注

本网微信公众号

每日推送学习技巧，学科知识点

助你迎接2020年中考！

在初中英语中会涉及到很多重点句型的学习，掌握这些句型不仅能让你在答题、写作时展现出更高英语水平，也能使你的口语水平有一个提升。下面就为大家介绍几个初中英语重要的句型。

操作方法

（主语）ask/tell sb.  to do sth. 让…做…

在这个句型中需注意的是to do的不定式，在选词填空或这作文中使用该句型时，一定要注意是to do而并非doing等形式。

be the same as 与……相同

在这个句型中主语一般为物，意为什么和什么是一样的。

What’s the matter with sb/sth？ 某人/某物出什么毛病了？

询问某人或者某物出什么问题时可用该句型，该句型也等同于whats wrong with sb/sth？

It takes sb some time to do sth 某人花费多长时间做某事

这是一种很常用的表达，it代替后面的某事而放到句首做形式主语，避免后面的sth放到句首而导致这个句子有一种头重脚轻的感觉。

What do you think of sth？你怎么看某事？

该句型一般用于询问某人对与某件事物或事情的看法，口语中经常用到这句话，是十分实用的一个句型。

表示“据说”的三类被动句型

(1)Itissaidthat…句式

Itissaidthathonestyisthebestpolicy.人们说诚实是上策。

Itissaidthatthirteenisanunluckynumber.据说13是一个不吉利的数字。

Itissaidthatthosewhoeatthemostaretheleasthealthy.据说吃得最多的人身体最差。

注：其他类似结构还有：

It’ssupposedtobeverygood.据说它质量很好。

It’sexpectedthatthewarwouldendsoon.预计战争不久即可结束。

Itisreportedthatanotherearthsatellitehasbeenputintoorbit.据报道又有一颗卫星上天了。

(2)Thereissaidthat…句式

Thereissaidtobeplentyofoiloffourcoast.据信我们近海有大量石油。

注：其他类似表达还有：

Thereissupposedtobeatrainat9:30.九点半应有一班火车。

Thereareknowntobethousandsofdifferentspeciesofbeetles.据了解，有成千上万种不同的甲虫。

(3)sb/sthissaidthat…句式：其意为“据说”，

Mr.Brownissaidtohavediedoflivercancer.据说布朗先生死于肝癌。

注：其他类似表达还有：

Thestrikeisexpectedtoendsoon.估计罢工不久就可结束。

Heisbelievedtohavealreadygotoutofthecountry.据信他已离开这个国家。

一、动词(Verb)

一般现在时表示现在的状态

如:He is twelve.She is at home.

表示经常的或是习惯性的动作.

如:I go to school at 7:30 every day.

表示主语具备的的性格和能力等

如:She like apple.They know English.

(一)动词be(Verb to be)

肯定式I am......否定I am not....

肯定式You are...否定式You are not....

肯定式He/She/It is....否定式He/She/It is not....

疑问句和简略答语

Am I ....?

Yes,you are./No,I you are not.

Are you....?

Yes,I am./No,I am not.

(二)There be结构

"There is/are+某物/某人+某地/某时"这样一种句型,大致相当于汉语"某地/某时有某物/某人"的说法.句子的is/are和后面所跟的名词在数方面必须是一致.

肯定式:There is(Theres)a table in your room.

There are(Therere)some pencils on the desk.

否定式:There is not(There isnt)any cats here.

There are not(arent)any cats here.

疑问式和简略答语

Is there a ruler in your bag?

Yes,there is./No,there is not(isnt).

Are there any people in that house?

Yes,there are./No,there are not(arent).

How many kites are there in the sky?

There are thirteen.

二、句子的种类(Kinds of Sentences)

英语的句子按照用途可分为以下四类:

陈述句 用途是用来说明事实或说话人的看法 例句:I can see a map on the wall.

I think its his.

疑问句 用途是用来提出问题. 例句:Are you Mr Green?

Can you find it ? How old are you?

祈使句 用途是用来表示请求和命令. 例句: Sstand up.Come in,please.

Lets play games.

感叹句 用途是用来表达强烈的感情. 例句:What a fine day it is!

How beautiful the flowers are!

三、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句

一般疑问句子和特殊疑问句

一般疑问句(General Question)一般是指用Yes或No回答的疑问句。

例如：Is she at school today? Yes,she is/No,she isnt.

Can you see a pencile on the desk? Yes,I can./No,I cant.

Do you play football? Yes,they do./No,they dont.

特殊疑问句是以特殊疑问词开头的疑问句.

过去进行时

1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself。

我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。

WhenIgottothetopofthemountain，thesunwasshining。

我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。

2.时间状语：atthistimeyesterday，atthattime或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

3.基本结构：

was/were+doing

否定形式：was/were+not+doing。

一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。

4.用法

1)过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。

WewerewatchingTVfromseventoninelastnight。

昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。

2)过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。

时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。

Whatwasshedoingatnineo‘clockyesterday?

昨天晚上九点她在做什么?(介词短语表示时间点)

Shewasdoingherhomeworkthen。

那个时候她正在写作业。(副词表示时间点)

WhenIsawhimhewasdecoratinghisroom。

当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。(when从句表示时间点)

3)在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。

Whenhewaswaitingforthebus，hewasreadinganewspaper。

他边等车边看报。(两个动作都是延续的)

HewascleaninghiscarwhileIwascooking。

他擦车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时进行)

新初三快扫码关注

本网微信公众号

每日推送学习技巧，学科知识点

助你迎接2020年中考！

一般现在时

1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

2.基本结构：①is/am/are;②do/does

否定形式：①am/is/are+not;

②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don‘t，如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn’t，同时还原行为动词。

3.一般疑问句：①把is/am/are动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。

4.用法

1)经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。

例如：Ileavehomeforschoolat7everymorning。每天早上我七点离开家。

2)客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。

例如：Theearthmovesaroundthesun。地球绕太阳转动。

ShanghailiesintheeastofChina。上海位于中国东部。

3)表示格言或警句。

例如：Pridegoesbeforeafall。骄者必败。

注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

例如：Columbusprovedthattheearthisround。哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。

4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。

例如：Idon‘twantsomuch。我不要那么多。

AnnwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell。安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。

5)一般现在时表示将来含义

a.下列动词come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。

例如：Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning。火车明天上午六点开。

Whendoesthebusstar?Itstarsintenminutes。汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。

b.在时间或条件句中。

例如：WhenBillcomes(不是willcome)，askhimtowaitforme。比尔来后，让他等我。

I‘llwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere。我到了那里，就写信给你。

新初三快扫码关注

本网微信公众号

每日推送学习技巧，学科知识点

助你迎接2020年中考！

各种数目概念表示法

句型［exactly等整数限制语+数词（数字）］/［数词（数字）+exactly等整数限制语］

1.Theclothmeasurestenyardsexactly.2.Itisnowexactlytenoclock.

3.Ishallbejusteighteenyearsoldonthe15thofnextmonth.4.Ittakesmethreecleardays.

句型［about等约数限制语+数词］/［数词+orso,moreorless］

1.Abouttwentythousandpeoplesawthematchyesterday.2.Theyopenedupsome8,000muofland.

3.Therearesomedozen(of)peoplethere.4.Itisanhourjourney,moreorless.

5.ThepriceofthisnewmachineisintheneighborhoodofonethousandYuan.

6.Duringthepastyearorso,theproductionrecordofthatfactoryhasbeenraisedto200%.

7.Icantgiveyoutheexactfigure,butinroundnumberitwasfiftyorsixtyYuan.

句型［over等表示有余的限制语+数词］/［数词+andmore等表示有余的限制语］

1.Bigbattle-shipsofovertenthousandtonscanbefullybuiltinShanghai.

2.Hehaslivedabroadabovetenyears.

3.Ihaveknownhimformorethan(forupwardsof)twentyyears.

4.Nofewerthan(Notlessthan)twothousandpeoplewenttotheparkyesterday.

5.InoldChinatheworkingdaywasnotlessthansixteenhours.

6.Ourcollegestudentsarenowrequiredtolearnatleastoneforeignlanguage.

7.Therearefiftyandodd(andmore)pupilsinourclass.

8.Therearechildrenofthreeyearsoldandupwards.

句型［…under等表示不足的限制语+数词］

1.Hemaybeunder(below)thirtyyearsofage.

2.Theurgentworkwascompletedinlessthanfivehours.

3.Therentofthehouseislessthan(nomorethan)threehundredYuanamonth.

4.Ithadbeendonefornomorethantendays.

5.Thisoldmachinetoolisusedforat(thevery)mostfifteenhoursaday.

句型［amountto等表示共计的限制语+数词］/［数词+inall等表示共计的限制语］

1.Thetotalexpensesamounttoahundreddollars.2.Thevisitorstotaled2,500.

3.Theexpendituresumsupto(addsupto)$1,000.4.Wenumberedtwentyinall.

5.Thevariousitemsfootup(come)to$2,000.6.Theywerefifteen,alltold.

句型［…increase/decrease等+from数词+to数词］

1.Thenumberofdraughtanimalsinthisbrigadeincreasedfrom10to90.

2.Thenumberofparticipantsroseto300,000.

3.Thecompanyhasincreasedthecapitalstockfromamillionto20milliondollars.

4.Thepopulationinthiscityhasjumpedabove3,000,000.

5.Themembersoftheassociationhavedecrease(werereduced)to300.

6.Thepopulationinthiscountryfelltounder40,000,000.

7.ThepriceofsilkhasdroppedfromsixteentotenYuanperJin.

句型［…甲数+inclusiveof/including+乙数…］/［…甲数+exclusiveof/excluding+乙数］

1.Thewholeamountsto500Yuan,inclusiveoftheexpenses35Yuan.

2.Thedelegationconsistedof15,includingtwointerpreters.

3.Price1Yuan,postageincluded.

4.Hehas1,500Yuaninthebank,exclusiveoftheinterest.

5.Therewerefiftypeoplepresent,notcountingthechildren.

句型［…表示按比例变化的限制语+数词］

1.Thetreesareplantedatintervalsoftwentyfeet.2.Wetakearestatintervalsoftwohours.

3.Iaskyoutoteachmeeveryotherday.4.IwenttoDovereverythirdorfourthweek

5.Writeoneveryotherline,oreverythirdline?6.Wegavetwotoeveryfour.

7.ThisteaissoldforeightyYuanperJin.8.Thecarrunsattherateofsixtymilesanhour.

9.Illgiveyousomepillstobetakentwoatatime,threetimesadaybeforemeals.

年月日时表示法

句型［on+月份+序数词(日子)+基数词(年度)…］［in+基数词(年度)+on+月份+序数词(日子)…］

1.OnApril24,1970,Chinasuccessfullylauncheditsfirstman-madeearthsatellite.

2.HewasbornonMarch15,1977.

3.In1921,theleadingrevolutionariesofChinametinsecretonaboatatJiaxingonJuly1st,andtheChineseCommunistPartywasfounded.

句型［…at+钟点+inthemorning等,on+月+日…］［…at+钟点+onthemorning等of+月+日…］

1.WeheldameetingateightoclockinthemorningonthefourthofMay.

2.Hearrivedatnineintheeveningonthe3rdofthismonth.

3.WecametoTianAnMenSquareatsevenoclockonthemorningofOctober.

4.At09:40hoursonDecember15,1971,anIndianaircraftintrudedintoChinasairspaceinTibet.

5.ChairmanMaopassedawayat00:10hoursonSeptember9,1976inBeijing.

6.PremierZhouEn-laidiedofcancerat09:57hoursonJanuary8,1976,inBeijingattheageof76.

句型［…at+基数词(minutes)+past/to+基数词(oclock)…］

1.Themeetingwillbeopenedatfivepastseven.2.Hecamehereataquartertoeight.

年龄表示法

句型［主语+be+数词（限制语）+yearsold/yearsofage］

1."Howoldishe?"-"heisjustfifty(yearsold)."(=Heisagedjustfifty/Hisageisjustfifty.)

2."Whatishisage?"-"Heistowardsfiftyyearsofage."

3."Ofwhatageisyourson?"-"(Myson)elevenandahalfyearsold."

4."GuesshowoldMaryis."-"Sheisaboutbetweeneighteenandtwentyyearsofage."

5.Thelittleonewasfivemonthsold.6."Howoldisthemoon?"-"Sheisfifteendaysold."

7."Howoldisthetree?"-"Thistreeiscenturiesold."

6."Howoldisthehorse?"-"Thehorseisoverfouryearsold

句型［…attheageof+数词］/［…at+数字+(yearsofage)］

1.AttheageofsixteenDarwinwenttoEdinburghtostudymedicineandthreeyearslatertoCambridge.2.Hediedattheripeageofeighty.

3.Shebecameplumpatforty.4.Hegraduatedattwentyyearsofage.

4.Childrenenterschoolattheageoffive,dontthey?

句型［…of+数词+yearsold(或ofage)］［…aged+数字+years］［…数字+yearsofage］

［…inones+数词复数］

1.Heisaboyofelevenyearsold.2.Myelderbrotherisamanagedfiftyyearsold.

3.Theyareallchildrenunderfiveyearsofage.

4.Childrenunder10yearofageareadmittedathalfprice.

5.Heisayoung,gallantofficerinhistwenties.

6.Thegrannyspeaksasifshewereagirlinherteens.

倍数表示法

句型［主语+谓语（double/treble）+宾语（增加对象）］

1.Thiscountryhasdoubledherannualoutputofsteelduringthepost-waryears.

2.InHengdongCounty,itsper-mugrainyieldsurpassed800in1970,doublingthatbefore1965.

3.Theenemysforcetreblesourown,butwehavewipedouttheenemy.

4.Ouropponentsscoreddoubleourpoints.

[注]double和treble也可以作不及物动词用，如：Thegrainsinourcommunehavetrebledthisyear.

Wagesofworkershadmorethandoubled.

句型［主语+be+倍数+thatof+被比对象］/［主语+be+倍数+as…as+被比对象］

1.Inourareanowthegrainoutputisfourtimesthatbeforeliberation.

2.InthisworkshoptheoutputofJulywas3.5timesthatofJanuary.

3.Theper-muyieldofourvillagethisyearwillcount2,400jin,whichisfourtimesthatof1998.

4.Bythattimeweshallproducethreetimesasmuchgrainaswedidtenyearsago.

5.Thisboxisthreetimesasheavyasthat.6.Beijingistentimesasbigasmyhometown.

7.Thegrossvalueofindustrialoutputofourareathisyearwillbeestimatedtobe2.5timesthatoflastyear.

句型［主语+be+倍数/百分数+upon/over/+被比对象］

［主语+be+倍数/百分数+比较级+than+被比对象］

1.Theindustrialoutputoflastyearinourvillagewas250%uponthatof1986.

2.Thegrainoutputinthatvillagewastwotimesoverthatof1988

3.Thesunisahugeblazingball,amilliontimeslargerthantheearth.

4.Thistypeofmachineusesthreetimesmorefueloilthanthattypedoes.

5.Agoodharvestofearlyricewasreapedon400,000mu,theoutputbeing25percenthigherthanlastyears.6.Agriculturaloutputfor1974isestimatedtobe51%upon1964.

句型［主语+increase/rise/attain+(to)倍数+comparedwith+被比对象］

1.Bycomparisonwith1948,theforeigntradeturnoverofthatcountryin1957increased3.5times.

2.Thenumberofpupilsinthiscityhasincreased6timesincomparisonwith1990.

3.Withtheresultofautomationproductivityhasincreased(risento)sixty-sixfoldinthatfactory.

4.Nowtheindustryofthiscountryhasattainedoversixtimesofthepre-waroutput.

5.Lastyear,theproductionofdifferentkindsoffarmtoolsinourfactoryincreases(to)ninetimes,comparedwith1999.

句型［主语+increase/rise等+(by)百分数+comparedwith…］

1.TheoutputofJulyinourfactoryincreased(by)250%comparedwiththatofJanuary.

2.Manycountrieshaveincreasedtheirfarmoutputby100percentormorewithinashortspaceoftime.

3.Overthepast17years,Daqinghasincreaseditsannualoutputofcrudeoilbyanaverageof28percent.

4.In2007crudeoilproductionrose150%comparedwith2005,fulfillingthecompanyplantwomonthsaheadofschedule.

[注1]by表示增加的净数，也可用于倍数，如：Itexceededourestimateby3times.

Theenemysforcesweremorethanoursby4times.

[注2]注意下面成语所含倍数的意义，加again表示增加一倍，如：

Hehasbooksasmuch(many)asshe.Hehasbookshalfasmuchagainasshe.

分数减少表示法

句型［主语+reduce等+宾语+(by)分数或百分数…］

1.Theinventionofmanynewtoolsinourfactoryhasreducedthecostofproduction(by)onethird,whiletheoutputhasgoneup(to)160percent.

2.Thepriceoffarmtoolsinourfactoryhasreduced(或decreased)towfifths.

3.Ithasreducedtheamountbyonehalf.

句型［主语+reduce等+(from)…to+分数或百分数］

1.Atthattimeindustrialoutputinthatcountryhadsunk(或hadfallen等)twothirds.

2.Agriculturaltaxhasreducedfrom12%intheearlypost-liberationyearstofive%.

3.Bytheendof2006,theshareoftheprivatedealersinthiscityhadfallento5%.

计量表示法

句型［主语+measure+数词+单位+long等形容词/inlength等］

［主语+be+数词+单位+long等形容词/inlength等］［主语+attain+alength等+数词+单位］

1.Thetreeisaboutsixtyfeethigh(或inheight).(=Thetreeattainsaheightofaboutsixtyfeet.)

2.Shewastall,nearsixfeetinheight,butslenderlyformed.

3.Thebirdisaboutsixincheslongandweighsthreequartersofanounce.

4.Ifoundmyselfaloneinavastroom,betweentwoandthreehundredfeetwideandabouttwohundredhigh,lyinginbedtwentyyardswide.

5."Howwideistheriver?"-"Itsabovetenmeterswide(或inwidth)."

6.Lastyearthesnowattainedathickness(或felladepth)ofthreefeethere.

7.Heis150poundsinweight(=Heattainsaweightof150pounds).

8.Thepolicesearchedallthefieldsandwoodswithinaradiusoftwomiles.

句型［主语+measure/be+（长度）数词+单位+by+(宽度)数词+（单位）］

1.Thisroommeasurestwentyfeetbyfifteen.(=theroomistwentyfeetinlengthandfifteenfeetinbreadth.)2.Thebedissixfeetbyfourandahalffeet.

3."Whatsizeisthattable?""Itmeasuresthreefeetbythree."

句型［主语+cost/beworth+数词+单位］［主语+bevalued/berated+at+数词+单位］

1."Howmuchisit?"-"Itcostsabovetendollars"(=thepriceofitisabovetendollars.)

2.ThispencostsmefiveYuan.

3.Itsworth12shillings,butthisisnotworthmorethantenshillings.

4.Hevaluedthehouseformeat350,000Yuan.

5.Thiscoatcosts20dollars,butIdontthinkitisratedatten.

加减乘除表示法

句型［甲数+plus/and/addedto+乙数+is/are/willbe/equals/isequalto/makes/gets+和数］

1.Howmuchis(或makes)twoplusfour?Howmanyaretwoandfour?

Whataretwoandfour?回答：Thetotal(sum)issix.

2.Twoplusfourequalssix.Twoandfouris(are)six.Twoplusfourisequaltosix.

Twoaddedtofourequalssix.Twoandfourmakes(make)six.Towplusfourwillbesix.

Ifweaddtwotofour,wegetsix.

句型［甲数+minus/lessaddedto+乙数+is/equals(或isequalto)+差数］

［乙数+taken/subtracted+from+甲数+leaves+差数］

1.Howmuchiseightminus(less)three?Whatisthreefromeight?回答：Thedifferenceisfive.

2.Eightminus(less)threeequalsfive.Eightminusthreeis(are/isequalto)five.

Threetakenfromeightleavesfive.Three(subtracted)fromeightandtheremainderisfive.(fiveremains).Subtractthreefromeightandtheremainderwillbefive.

句型［甲数+multipliedby+乙数+is/equals(或isequalto)等+积数］

［Multiply+甲数+by+乙数+is/equals(或isequalto)等+积数］

［once,twice,threetimes…+乙数+is/equals(或isequalto)等+积数］

1.Howmanyarethreemultipliedbyfour?Whatisthreemultipliedbyfour?

Howmuchgivesthreetimesfour?Whatisthreetimesfour？回答：Theresultistwelve.

2.Threemultipliedbyfourequalstwelve.Multiplythreebyfourgivestwelve.

Multiplythreebyfour,wegettwelve.Threetimesfouristwelve

[注]1x1=1Onceoneisone.2x1=2(Twiceoneistwo.)

(a+b)(a-b)=a2-b2Aplusbmultipliedbyaminusbisequaltoasquaredminusbsquared.

150x2/5=60Onehundredandfiftymultipliedbytwofifthsequalssixty.

Onehundredandfiftytimestwofifthsaresixty.

句型［甲数+dividedby+乙数+gives等+商数］/［Divide+甲数+by+乙数+gives等+商数］

［乙数+into+甲数+goes+商数］

1.8÷2=?Howmanyiseightdividedbytwo?Howmanytimesdoestwogointoeight?

回答：Thequotientisfour(times).

2.8÷2=4Eightdividedbytwomakesfour.Divideeightbytwoequalsfour.

Dividetwointoeightandyougetfour.Twointoeightgoesfourtimes.

[注1]9÷2=4余1Twointoninegoesfourtimes,and1remainder.Ninedividedbytwogivesfour,and1remainder.

9÷2=4又1/2Divideninebytwoandyougetfourandahalf.Dividetwointonineandyougetfourandahalf.

[注2]加减乘除综合式(3+8-2)÷3x5=15Threepluseightminustwo,alldividedbythreemultipliedbyfiveequalfifteen.

名量词与不定量数目

句型［…数词+名量词+of+实物名词…］

常用量名词有：1.aglassofwine2.abottleofoil3.abowlofrice4.ajugoftea5.acakeofsoap6.alumpofsugar7.asheetofpaper8.aloafofbread9.apairofscissors10.apartyoftravelers11.abunchofflowers12.asetofbooks13.asuitofclothes14.adropofblood15.agrainofsand16.amouthfuloffood17.ahandfulofseed18.arayofhope19.acrowdofchildren20.aflockofsheep等。

1.Addthreespoonfulsofwater,please.2.Iwanttwopoundsofbutter.

3.MayIofferyouaglassofwine?4.Pleasegivemetwosheetsofpaper.

5.Iboughtanewpairofscissorsyesterday.6.Hetookthreebottlesofbrandy.

句型［主语+谓语+（宾语）+状语（ata+名量词）］

常见ata+名量词的词组有：1.atatime2.atablow3.atadraught=atadraft4.atamouthful5.atastretch6.atabound7.ataglance8.atasitting9.atastroke等。

1.Ikilledtwofliesatablow.2.Thedoctorsawataglancethatthechildhadmeasles.

3.Thejobwasfinishedatasitting(astretch).4.Heleapedoverthefenceatabound.

5.Thestudentswalkedtwentymilesatastretch.

6.TheYoungShockBrigadeworkedtwoshiftsatastretch.

句型［…one等基数词+of+范围词］/［…不定量词+of+范围词］［…定量词+of+范围词］

常见词组有：1.oneof…2.manyofus(them…)3.someofthem4.everyoneofus5.fewofus6.bothofthesisters7.anyofthese8.mostofthem9.allofus10.asmallnumberof…11.agreatnumberof…12.anumberof…13.agreatdealof14.alotofpeople15.plentyofpeople16.hundredsof…17.thousandsofpeople18.acoupleof…

1.LeiFengisoneofourcountrysgreatandgloriousfighters.

2.Hesetanexampletoallofus.3.EveryoneofushasgreatfaithintheloftycauseofCommunism.

4.Wemeetwithagreatdealofdifficulties,butfinallyweovercomeallofthem.

5.Halfofthesemesterhaspassed,andwearereadytomeetacheckinteachingandlearning.

6.Ireceivedacoupleoflettersthismorning.7.Agreat(large)numberofpeoplebelieveit.

初中英语语法-过去完成时-专项练习

一、选择最佳答案填空(动词及搭配)：

1.Apolicemansawtwothieves______agirlsmobilephoneonthebusandhecaughtthematonce.

A.tostealB.stealingC.stoleD.stolen

2.TheChinesepingpongplayerswilljoininthematch.Lets______themsuccess.

A.wishB.towishC.hopeD.tohope

3.Heissocarelessthathealways______hisschoolthingsathome.

A.forgetsB.forgotC.leavesD.left

4.----Who______thecomputer?Iwanttouseit.

----Timmy.He______itforaweek.

A.borrowed,hasborrowedB.hasborrowed,bought

C.hasborrowed,haskeptD.bought,hasborrowed

5.Look!Oneofthegirls______thedoor.

A.cleansB.iscleaningC.cleanD.arecleaning

6.Ifyoudontfeelwell,youmayjust______.

stoppedreadingB.stopreadingC.stoppedtoreadD.stoptoread

1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。

3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

举例：

Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.

=Whenthetestwasfinished,webeganourholiday.

考试结束了，我们开始放假。

Thepresidentassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.

=Afterthepresidentwasassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.

总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。

Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.

如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。

Thisdone,wewenthome.

工作完成后，我们才回家。

Themeetinggoneover,everyonetiredtogohomeearlier.

会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。

Hecameintotheroom,hisearsredwithcold.

他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。

Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.

他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆。

双重否定句

句型19［主语+否定式谓语…+否定词/含否定意义的词+其他］

1.Hedoesntlendhisbooktonobody.2.Youcantmakesomethingoutofnothing.

3.Illtakeitthen.Notfornothing.Illgiveyousomethinginreturn.

4.Icouldnotdisobeyhim.Onlyonethingremainedforme:tosufferandobey.

5.Hewasneverdissatisfiedwithmywork.6.Whatsdonecannotbeundone.

7.Thiscaptaintookafancytomyconversation,whichwasnotatalldisagreeableatthattime.

[注]如果要用否定代词作主语，谓语要用肯定式。

Nothingischangeless.Nothingiswithouthisfaults.Nothingisimpossibletoawillingmind.

［主语+否定式谓语…+without+名词…/动名词］

句型20［(Therebe)+no+主语+词组或从句+without+名词…/动名词］

［It(或名词)is+否定词语+不定式+without+名词…/动名词］

1.Wecanlivewithoutfoodorwaterforsomedays,butwithoutairwecannotliveevenafewminutes.

2.AtthebeginningoflearningEnglishhecouldnotspeakitwithoutmakingmistakes.

3.Thereisnorighttospeakwithoutinvestigation.4.Nogainswithoutpains.

5.(Thereis)Nosweetwithout(some)sweat.

6.Withoutrevolutionarytheorytherecanbenorevolutionarymovement.

7.Withoutknowledgeofscienceandtechnologyitisimpossibletobuildsocialism.

8.Itisimpossibleforyourteamtowinwithoutconstanttraining.

[注1]由第二式的省略"no…without…"进一步紧缩的结果，便产生"no…no…"简略式，主要用于谚语格言。例如：Nopains,nogains.Nolaw,noliberty.Noinvestigation,norighttospeak.Nothingventure,nothinghave.（nothing是no的派生词）

[注2]"notwithout…"表示"不无…"、"不是没有…"的意思，是一种委婉的说法。

例如：Notwithoutreason/notwithoutsomedoubtIhavebroughtbackyourman-notwithoutriskanddanger.

句型21［主语+cannot+help/refrainfrom/keepfrom+动名词…］

1.ThoughLaurencehadpromisedKeithnottoseeWanda,hecouldnothelpgoingtoher.

2.He(Shylock)couldnothelpshowinghispleasure.3.IcanthelpadmiringitwheneverIlookatit.

4.Icouldnotrefrainfromretortingtohearsuchalie.5.Icannotkeepfromlaughingtohearsuchastory.

句型22［主语+cannot+but/choosebut/helpbut+动词原形…］

1."Youcannotbutfeelalreadythatitisuselessstayinghere…youwillhavetogofarther."

2.Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.3.Wecannot(choose)butreadbookstoincreaseourknowledge.

4.Theycannotbutadmitthatincertainaspectsofscienceandtechnologyweareawayaheadofthem.

句型23［主句（否定结构）+从句（否定结构）］

1.Nothingwasusefulwhichwasnothonest.2.Nothingcanbewhollybeautifulthatisnotuseful.

3.Ihavenevercommittedoneactthatwasnotintheinterestsofmypeople.

4.Bassanio,inhisgrief,repliedthattherewasnothinghewouldnotsacrifice.

句型24［(Therebe)No+主语+but+谓语+其他］

1.Thereisnomanbuthashisfaults.2.(Thereis)Nobodybuthashisfaults.3.Noonebutcandoit.

4.Thereisnorulebuthasexceptions.5.Thereisnobodybutknowsthismatter.

句型25［第一分句（否定式谓语）+but+第二分句（肯定式谓语）］

1.Itneverrainsbutitpours.(=Itneverrainswithoutpouring.)

2.IneverseeyoubutIthinkofmybrother.3.Theynevermeetbuttheydiscussthisproblem.

4.Shenevercomesbutshebringssomethingforthechildren.

[注]汉语中的双重否定句译成英语时不一定用双重否定句。"知无不言，言无不尽。"--Sayallyouknowandsayitwithoutreserve."这样的人是没有不摔跤的。"--Suchpeopleareboundtotripandfall.

排除否定句

句型26［主语+谓语+beyond/beyondthefactthat…］

1.Hedidnothingbeyondwritingoneletter.

2.Hedidnotreallyknowwhathewasgoingtosay,beyondthatthesituationdemandedsomethingromantic.

3.OfOliverEdwards,nothing,Ibelieve,isknownbeyondthefactthathehadbeenatPembrokeCollegewithJohnson.

句型27［主语+谓语+but/butthat/barring…］

1.NooneknowsitbutyouandI.2.Hedidnothingbutwaitfortheresult.

3.Ihavenosecretofsuccessbuthardwork.

4.Icouldntseebutthatthesoldierswouldfightanddieforthesakeoftheircountry.

5.Whobuthewoulddosuchathing?

6.ThemeetingwillbeheldnextTuesdaybarringunforeseenfactors.

句型28［主语+谓语+except/exceptthat/exceptfor/excepting/…］

1.Everyoneisreadyexceptyou.

2.Nomaneverbecamegreatorgoodexceptthroughmanyandgreatmistakes.

3.Exceptalivingmanthereisnothingmorewonderfulthanabook.

4.Welaytherealongtimeinsilence,exceptthatWebbgroanedeverynowandthen.

5.Sheisabsolutelyaloneexceptforherson.

6.Allthesplendidfurnitureofhislateresidencehadbeensold,exceptinghiswifesharp.

句型29［主语+谓语+apartfrom/asidefrom/exclusiveof/withtheexclusionof…］

1.Apartfromthequestionofexpense,itistoolate.2.Asidefromthisstatement,herefusedtotalk.

3.Thebuildingwillcostabout2,500,000Yuan,exclusiveofthemachineryequipment.

4.TheCanalsysteminChinaisthemostextensiveintheworldwiththeexclusionofNetherland.

句型30［主语+谓语+save/savethat/savefor/saving/savingthat…］

1.Idoentreatyou,notamandeparts,saveIalone,tillantonymhasspoken.

2.Inthislifewegetnothingsavebyeffort.

3.Atthishourthegreattunnelwasquietsavewhenatrainroaredabove.

4.Allislostsavehonor.5.Savinghiseyesight,hewasaswellasever.

6.Thebarwasemptysaveforthelandlord.

7.SavingthathefailedinLatin,hedidwell.

句型31［主语+谓语+onlythat/otherthan…］

1.Ihavenothingagainsthim,onlythatIdislikehismanner.

2."IsanythingthematterwithMadeline?"-"No,papa,onlyIhavegotaheadache."

3.Itwasfortifiedonallsidesotherthanthis.

4.Youwillgenerallysufferforwishingtoappearotherthanwhatyouare;whetheritbegreater,ormorelearned.

[注1]besides和apartfrom兼有"除外"和"包括"的意思。Icarefornothingbesides(apartfrom)this.(多用于否定句)

Apartfrom(Besides)English,heisalsowellversedinRussian.(多用于带有also等副词的肯定句)

[注2]inadditionto有"包括"的意思,如:InadditiontoJohnsbeingblamedforthis,hewasblamedalsoforbreakingthewindow.

加强否定句

句型32［主语+强调词语+否定词+谓语动词+其他］

1.Hurlinginsultsandthreatsiscertainlynotfighting.2.Itsimplywillnotdo!

3.Wemustnotbecomecomplacentoveranysuccess.

4.Weabsolutelymustnotrelaxourwill.5.Thenatureofwolveswillneverchange.

6.WithouttheCommunistPartyIshouldassuredlynotbewhatIamtoday.

句型33［主语+be+thelast+名词+不定式…/从句］

1.ForitwasOliver,hiscruelbrother-thelastpersonOrlandowouldhaveexpectedtofindthere.

2.Heisthelastpersontodosuchathing.3.ThisisthelastplacewhereIexpectedtohavemetyou.

4.Breachofpromiseisthelastthingthatheislikelytocommit.

句型34［主语+谓语肯定式+含否定词语的成语+其他］［主语+谓语否定式+含不定词语的成语+其他］

1.AtnotimeandundernocircumstanceswillChinabethefirsttousenuclearweapons.

2.Youngpeopleshouldonnoaccount(=shouldnotonanyaccount)neglecttheirdailyphysicalexercise.

3.Wehaveideals,butwearebynomeansvisionaries.4.Hewillinnowisegiveupstudy.

[注]其他加强否定的方式：1.[…beanythingbut…](决不是)Heisanythingbutascholar.

2.[(Thereis)no+V-ing](决不可)Thereisnodenyingthefact.=Itisabsolutelyimpermissibletodenythefact.因此语意比下句强，"Itisimpossibletodenythefact."

句型35［主语+否定式谓语+微量词+名词+其他］

1.Wemustneverforamomentdivorceourselvesfromthemasses.

2.Themotherdidnothaveawinkofsleepthewholenightonaccountofthechildshighfever.

3.Hedidnotbreatheasinglewordaboutit.

4.ThoughIhavewalkedtwentymiles,Iamnotabittired.

5.Thelittleboyisdofullofenergythatherefusedtostayputforanylengthoftime.

[注]表示微量词的词组中以intheleast为最常见，不少的微量词可用它代替。如：

Iamnotintheleasttired.Iwasnotsurprisedintheleast.Thatboywasnotintheleastafraidofthesnake.

句型36［...否定词+名词+大范围词语...］

1.Therewillbenodifficultyintheworldwhichtheycannotovercome.

2.Thedoctorwaswritingabook,butitwentonsoslowlythatitwouldnotbefinishedwithinathousandyears.

3."Dontyoudance?"-"Imtheworldsworstdancer."

4.Hewasnotatallconfused.5.Itisofnovalueatall.

6.Thisisahistoricaltrendnoforceonearthcanholdback.

[附注1]与汉语中的否定式相对应的英语不一定要用否定式。如："很不好"，不能译成英语的"verynotgood",应换一种说法，"Thisisverybad.","Itisnotgoodatall."汉语"这事我一点也不知道"可译作"Iamquiteinthedarkaboutthematter."或"AboutthisIknewnothing."汉语"我很不喜欢喝酒。"可译作为"Idislikewineverymuch."或"Iamnotabitinterestedinwine./Idontlikewineatall./Iamthelastpersontolikewine.

其次要注意分析。汉语"一窍不通"，是缩小否定数量的说法，最好译成"beutterlyignorant"或"notknowtheABCof…/knownothingof…又如"世界上一切事物无不具有两重性"，这里有几个强调的词语："世界上"，"一切事物"，"无不"。"一切事物"不能用all/allthings,因此只能用缩小量的说法。"Thereisnotasinglethingintheworldwithoutadualnature."

[附注2]一般说来，只要需要，所有的肯定句都可以改为否定句，但一定要依照前面所介绍的各种句型的要求。此外，还应考虑以下几点：

1)逻辑上说不过去的不能改为否定句。WhereisMary?不能改为whereisntMary?

2)句型要求不能用否定式的。Howhard-workingheis!不能改为howhard-workingheisnt!

3)除句型28中列举的一些强调词语有分工外，以下词语只用于肯定句，否定句应采用括号中相对应的异根同义词。Some(not…any);too(not…either);so(neither,nomore);alongway(not…far);alotof/plentyof/agreatdealof/agooddealof…(not…muchof);as…as(notso…as);alreadystill(notyet/notanymore/nomore/nolonger…)

1.Ihavegotsome.→Ihaventgotany.2.Iseeagreatdealofhim.→Ididntseemuchofhim.

3.Wewentalongway.→Wedidntgofar.4.Iwilldosostill.→Illnotdosoanymore.

4)注意may,must,need,can(could)在肯定句与否定句中的含义变化，对应关系也会出现交错现象。

A.表示许可用may(口语中常用can);表示禁止通常用mustnot,有时也用maynot语气较委婉。

"May(Can)Ismokehere?"-"Yes,youmay(can)."或"No,youmustnot."或"Youmaynotsmokehere."

B.表示责任、义务或必要时用must,否定式只能用neednot

"Mustwehandinourhomeworktoday?"-"Yes,youmust.No,youneednt."

C.表示推测指"可能"时，用must;指"不可能"，"不一定"时用cannot/couldnot,有时也用maynot,口气较委婉，意为"也许不"。Thatmustbeamistake.No,itcannotbeamistake.Itmustnotbeamistake

D.表示推测也常用may，指"可能"；否定式同上。Hemayberight/Hecannotberight.Hemaynotberight.

英语中的五种基本句型结构

一、句型1：Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)

这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work,sing,swim,fish,jump,arrive,come,die,disappear,cry,happen等。如：

1)LiMingworksveryhard.李明学习很努力。

2)Theaccidenthappenedyesterdayafternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。

3）Springiscoming.

4)Wehavelivedinthecityfortenyears.

二、句型2：Subject(主语)＋Link.V(系动词)＋Predicate(表语)

这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：

(1)表示状态。这样的词有：be,look,seem,smell,taste,sound,keep等。如：

1)Thiskindoffoodtastesdelicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。

2)Helookedworriedjustnow.刚才他看上去有些焦急。

(2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become,turn,get,grow,go等。如：

1)Springcomes.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。

2)Thetreehasgrownmuchtallerthanbefore.这棵树比以前长得高多了。

三、句型3：Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋Object(宾语)

这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词,所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例：

1)Hetookhisbagandleft.（名词）他拿着书包离开了。

2)LiLeialwayshelpsmewhenIhavedifficulties.(代词)当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。

3)SheplanstotravelinthecomingMayDay.（不定式）她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。

4)Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.(从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。

注意：英语中的许多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。

四、句型4：Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋Indirectobject(间接宾语)＋Directobject(直接宾语)

这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy,pass,lend,give,tell,teach,show,bring,send等。如：

1)Herfatherboughtheradictionaryasabirthdaypresent.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。

2）TheoldmanalwaystellsthechildrenstoriesabouttheheroesintheLongMarch.

老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。上述句子还可以表达为：

1）Herfatherboughtadictionaryforherasabirthdaypresent.

2）TheoldmanalwaystellsstoriesabouttheheroestothechildrenintheLongMarch.

五、句型5：Subject(主语)＋Verb(动词)＋Object(宾语)＋Complement(补语)

这种句型中的“宾语＋补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：

1）Youshouldkeeptheroomcleanandtidy.你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。（形容词）

2)Wemadehimourmonitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。

3)Hisfathertoldhimnottoplayinthestreet.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。

4）Myfatherlikestowatchtheboysplayingbasketball.(现在分词)

5)YesterdayIhadapicturetakenwithtwoAmericans.(过去分词)

●常见的动词有:tell,ask,advise,help,want,wouldlike,order,force,allow等。

●注意：动词have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：

1)Thebossmadehimdotheworkallday.老板让他整天做那项工作。

2)Iheardhersinginthenextroomallthetimelastnight.昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。

1.两相关联

句型［…two…:one…,(and)theother…］/［…two…:one…,(and)another…］

1.Therearetwobooksonthetable:oneisChineseandtheother,English.

2.Everytimeyoubreathe,youbreathetwodifferentbreaths.Youtakeinoneandgiveoutanother.

3.Therearethreeballs.Oneisblackandtheothersarewhite.

句型［…one(thing)…,(and/but)…another…］

1.Itisonethingtoflourishandanothertofight.2.Tosayisonething,buttodoisanother.

3.Itisonethingtolearn,andanothertoteach.4.Toknowisonething,topractiseisanother

句型［On(the)onehand,…andontheother(hand)…］

1.Ontheonehand,Iamyourteacher,andontheother,Iamalsoyourcomradeandfriend.

2.Theyhavebeenblamedononehandandlaudedontheother.

3.Ontheonehand,youshouldntbeshy,ontheotherhand,youmustntforgetyourmanners.

4.Ontheonehand,theremustbegreatenthusiasminwork,andontheother,labormustbealternatedwithrest.

句型［…two(both)…,theone…(and)theother或theformer…(and)thelatter或thefirst…(and)thesecond或that(those)…(and)this(these)…］

1.Ihavetwobrothers,PaulandRichard;theone(theformer)isfifteenandtheother(thelatter)iseleven.

2.Accuracyandexpressivenessarethetworequisitesintranslation;theone(thefirst)istoexpresstheexactthoughtoftheoriginalarticleandtheother(thesecond)istomakethetranslationreadilyunderstood.

3.Todieortoyield?Iprefertheformeralternativetothelatter.

4.InhislecturehedweltespeciallyuponAhQandKongI-ji,pointingoutthatthesecondaswellasthefirstwasatype.

5.Workandplayarebothnecessarytohealth,this(thelatter)givesusrest,andthat(theformer)givesusenergy.

6.Theykeephorsesandcattle,thoseforriding,andtheseforfood.

[注]如果连举三件事物或人，然后加以说明时，可用152句型的扩充式："…three,one(theone)…another(theother/thesecond)…athird(thethird)…"。如：

1.Therearethreepeople.Oneisaworker,anotherisapeasant,andathirdisasoldier.

2.Onceuponatimetherelivedthreepeople:theonewasdeaf,theother(second)wasblind,andthethirdwaslame.

句型［Some…(and)some/others…］

1.Somesayyes,andsomesayno.2.Someliketoplayfootball,othersarefondofbasketball.

3.Everyoneofushasanengine,i.e.thebrain,somepeoplecanuseit,andsomepeoplecannot.

4.Afterwefinishschool,someofuswillentertheuniversitiestostudy,someofuswillworkinthefactories;someofuswillgotothecountryside,andsomeofuswillbesoldiersinthearmy.

5.Someareplayinggamesunderabigtree.Somearedancinginaring.Othersarerowingonthelake,andstillothersaresingingontheplayground.

[注]类似本句型的还有：

1)"…partof+名词…,therest(of+名词)如：Thegraduatesofourschoolnumbertwohundredandthirty,partofwhomarestudyingonwhiletherest(remainder)aregoingtothecountrysideorenteringfactories.

2)"…part…part…"如：Athome,IoftenspeakasentencepartinChinesepartinEnglish.

3)"…half…half…"如：Thisalloyishalfcopperhalfsilver.

先后顺序

句型［…first,…,second,…,third,…,lastly,…］［…One,…,Two,…,Three,…,Four,…］

［…first(firstly),…,secondly,…,thirdly,…,lastly,…］

1.Tombrowniswellknowninthiscity.(First)Hehasbeenamemberofthecitycouncilformanyyears.Secondly,andfarmoreimportantly,heisafootballplayerofnationalreputation.

2.First,Iwishbothofyougoodhealth.Second,Iwishbothofyousuccessinyourwork;andthird,Iwishbothofyougoodluckineverything.

3.Whatdoweneedinordertoreallywin?Weneedthreethings:first-arms,second-arms,third-armsandarmsagain.

句型［First/Atfirst/Firstofall…,soon/afterwards…,then/later/lately…,finally/eventually/atlast…］

1.Firstthink,(and)thenspeak.2.Atfirstyoumayfindithard,butitwillsoonbecomeeasy.

3.Ithinkthisfirstdayofourvacationisgoingtobeveryenjoyableforus.Wellprobablyfirstplayagameoftennis.Afterwardswelltakeashower.Thenwelldosomesun-bathingonthebeach.Eventually,welltakeawalkintotown.

4.FirsthegoestoParis,thenhegoestoBrussels,thenhemakesuphismindtogotoParisagain,andthenfinallydecidestocomehome.

5.First,thesensesaretobesettowork;then,memory;and.,atlast,understandingandjudgment.

句型［Tobeginwith/Atthebeginning…,next/secondly/thesecondpoint…,furthermore/moreover…,finally/thefinalpoint/andtoconclude…］

1.Tobeginwith,heistooyoung;secondly,hehasnotfinishedhisstudies.

2.Theycannotagree.Tobeginwith,theyquarrel.Next,theycalleachothernames.Finally,theyfighteachotherwiththeirspears.3.Atthebeginningheshowedsomereluctance,butfinallyconsented.

4.Takingthepictureismainlyaquestionofspeed,firstinselectingthesubject,nextinfocusingthecamera,furthermore,intakingtheactualpictureandfinallyinhandingoutthecard.

[注]这种常见的呼应承接方式：1)开头用语：Tobeginwith,wemaysaythat…Iwanttobeginbysaying…

ThefirstthingIwanttosay…AtfirstIwanttosay…

2)中间承接用语：Next,begtopointoutthat…ThenextpointImustmakeis…Anotherthingis:…

Therestillanotherthing:…Iwanttomakeonemorepoint…

3)结束用语：Iwillsumupbysaying…Iwillconcludebysaying…Thefinalpointis…

ThefinalthingIwanttosayisthis…

修饰限制

句型［…thesame+名词+as/that+从句］

1.Thisisthesamebagas（相似）/that(同一)Ilostyesterday.

2.Isthisthesameasyoushowedmebefore?3.Iamofthesameopinionasyou(areoftheopinion).

4.Heisofaboutthesameageasyou(areoftheage).

5.Thisisthesame(=very)manthatImettheotherday.

6.Agoodbookmaybeamongthebestoffriends.Itisthesametodaythatitalwayswas,anditwillneverchange.

7.Thisisbutanexpressionofrevisionism,thesamerevisionismthatLeninfought.

[注]本句型中as有时可以当that用，如：Wedroveoutofthetownbythesameroadaswehadenteredby.

如果thesame表示"同一"时，后接with+名词，如：Icameinthesamebuswithhim.

Theyareinthesameclasswithus.

句型［…such…+名词+as+名词或从句］

1.Thereisnosuchplaceasyoudreamofinallthisworld.2.IlikesuchfinecityasBeijing.

3.Thiswassuchamereplatitudeasalmosttogowithoutsaying.

4.NowhereintheworldistheresuchaplaceforanidlemanasLondon.

5.ThewavesweresuchasIneversawbefore.

6."…wecantbelieveyou.Thereisnosuchcountryintheworldastheoneyouhavetoldusabout…."

[注]本句型中as不可以用that,which或who取代。如:（错）Donottalkaboutsuchthingsthat/whichyoudonotunderstand.应说：Donottalkaboutsuchthingsasyoudonotunderstand.或Donottalkaboutthosethingsthat/whichyoudonotunderstand.

句型［…one/he;those/they+who（定语从句）］

1.Helaughsbestwholaughslast.2.Hewhowouldsearchforpearlsmustdivebelow.

3.Theywhoarefullofthemselvesareveryempty.

4.Thereisnoroyalroadtoscience,andonlythosewhodonotdreadthefatiguingclimbofitssteeppathshaveachanceofgainingitsluminoussummits.

5.Thosewhounderstandthisformulaholduptheirhands.

句型［…all+who/that（定语从句）］

1.Irememberedthatallwhotookpartintheeveningdanceforjoy.

2.AllwhomIsawherewerediligentattheirwork.3.Alliswellthatendswell

4.Allthathedoes,hedoesitwell.

5.Allthatyoudo,dowithyourmight,thingsdonebyhalvesareneverdoneright.

[注]英语中有专用以指物的句式，如：Itisthatthat(多用which)Ineed.Thosethatsucceedaremostlycorrect.

句型［Aperson等+who定语从句］

1.Manwhohasasettledpurposewillsurelysucceed.

2.Donotblametheonewhospeaksbutheedwhatyouhear

3.Apersonwhomeetswithdifficultiesmayaskhiscomradesforhelp.

4.PeoplewhoareliberalslookupontheprinciplesofMarxismasabstractdogma.

5.Apersonwhodoesnotdohisdutywillnotsucceed.

6.Peoplewholiveinglasshousesshouldnotthrowstones.

[注]以上句型都含有"条件"意味，不过不能在句子前加if，不然就用条件从句来表示,如:（错）Ifapersonwhodoesnotdohisdutywillnotsucceed.应说:Ifapersondoesnotdohisduty,hewillnotsucceed.

句型［…theday/time…+when（定语从句）］

1.IshallneverforgetthedaywhenIenteredtheuniversity.

2.Thetimewillcomeafterallwhenwearevictorious.

3.Thedaywillcomewhenhistorywillspeak.

4.Hehadseenthedaywhentherewerenomotorcarsontheroads.

5.GoneforeverarethedayswhentheimperialistscoulddoastheypleasedinAsia,AfricaandLatinAmerica.

两相连接

句型［…notonly/notenough/notmerely…+also/butalso(too)/but…(aswell)…］

1.Inotonlyheardit,but(also)Isawit.=Inotonlyheardit,Isawit,too(aswell).=Inotonlyheardit,butsawitaswell.

2.Wevecomealongwaytoyourcountrynotonlytogiveperformances,but,whatsmoreimportant,topromotemutualunderstandingbetweenus.

3.Itisnotonlywhatwedo,butalsowhatwedonotdo,forwhichweareaccountable.

4.Ifyourfriendremindsyoukindlyofyourfaults,takewhathesaysnotmerelypleasantlybutthankfully.

5.Itisnecessaryforustolearnfromtheveteranworkersnotenoughtheirskillbutalsotheirnoblerevolutionaryspiritandgoodproletarianqualities.

[注1]注意本句型中连词所连接的是两个同等成分，连词的位置应摆在两个同等成分的前面。如：

（误）HenotonlyspeaksEnglish,butalsoFrench.（正）HespeaksnotonlyEnglish,butalsoFrench.

[注2]如果本句型中连词所连接的是两个主语，其谓语动词应与靠近的一个名词保持人称和数的一致。如：

Notonlythechildrenbutalsotheirfatherisinthetown.Notonlythemanbut(also)hischildrenareinthetown.

[注3]sofarfrom[不…而…]Sofarfromtheraindoinganygood,itdidagooddealofharm.

句型［…名词A+aswellas+名词B］/［…名词B+and+名词+Aaswell］

1.Heaswellasyouisverydiligent.

2.Youaswellasheareverydiligent.(cf.Notonlyyoubutalsoheisverydiligent.)

3.Thesepillsaregoodtopreventdisease,aswellastocurewhenoneissick.

4.Thechildislivelyaswellashealthy.5.TheylearnFrenchaswellasEnglish.

[注1]注意aswellas用在肯定句中与否定句中的含义不同，如：

He,aswellashissister,hasjoinedtheParty.He,aswellashissister,hasnotyetjoinedtheParty.

HehasnotyetjoinedthePartyaswellashissister.（他还没有像他姐姐那样入了党。）

[注2]如果连接的成分较多，还可以将句型166，167结合起来用，如：Thisprojectnotonlyhascomeintofullplayinirrigation,butalsoplayedanimportantpartindevelopingwaterpower,navigationandfisheryaswellasinprovidingindustrialwatersupply.

句型［…both+A(名词)+and+B(名词)…］［…atonce+A(名词)+and+B(名词)…］

1.BothmywifeandMrs.Bakerareveryfondofmusicandbothplaythepianoverywell.

2.Thebookisalike(=both)agreeableandinstructive.3.Hehasbothabilityandprinciple.

4.Dickenslanguage,atoncerich,colorfulandvaried,islikeafineandsensitivemusicalinstrument.

5.Achildisaresponsibilitybothtoitsparentsandtosociety.

句型［…neither…nor…］

1.Neitheryounorheistoblame.2.Marywasneitherhappy,norwasshesad.

3.Hownicetheweatheris！Itisneitherhotnorcold.

4.Ineitherexpressedsurpriseatthisresolutionnorattemptedtodissuadeherfromit.

[注1]如果连接两个以上的并列成分，可用以下方式：

1)"…neitherA,ＢnorC…"如：Theysparenothing,neithertheirlabor,theirwealthnoreventheirlives.

2)"…neitherA,BnorC,norD…"如：NeitheryounorInoranybodyelsehasseenit.

[注2]诗歌中的"nor…nor…"="neither…nor…"如：Norheavennorearthhavebeenatpeacetonight.

句型174［…either…or…］

1.Pleaseeithercomeinorgoout,dontstandthereinthedoorway.

2.EitherIwillfindaway,orIwillmakeone.3.Itsnottobeforgottenorforgiveneither.

4.Infact,thepoorpeopleinEnglandaregiventhealternative,eithertodieofhungerquicklyoutsidetheworkhouse,ortodieofhungerslowlyinsideit.

[注]本句型可用于否定句,但句型166，168不用于否定句,如:(误)Henotonlydoesntfearhardships,butalsonotfeardeath.(不用于否定句)(误)Hedoesntfearbothhardshipanddeath.(误)Hefearsnotneitherhardship,nordeath.(正)Hefearsneitherhardshipnordeath.Hedoesntfeareitherhardshipordeath.

延续否定句

句型11［（前句）否定句，+（后句）否定句］

1."Oh,no,no,noandagainno,"saidPinocchio."Imustbeagoodboy."

2."AmItroublingyou?"-"no,notintheleast."

3.Ishallneverdoit,notunderanycircumstances.

4.Wemustnotthinkofhimasabig,strongboy.Farfromit!

5.Idontknowhowmuchyouvegot,andIdaresayyouhardlyknowyourself,asitwouldtakeaprettylongtimetocountit.

句型12［(前句)主语+否定式谓语…，(后句）not+(同前)主语］

1.Illnotdosuchathing,notI.2.Hewillnotbreakhisword,nothe.

3.Theywillnotbediscouraged,notthey.4.TomcannotspeakRussian,nothe.

句型13［(前句)否定句，+(后句）not/neither］

1.Friedadidntgotothedance,neitherdidFanny.2.Youcantdoit,norcananybodyelse.

3.Youdidnotseehim,neitherdidI.4.Areyounotgoing?NeitheramI.

5.Oliverdidnotcomethatday,northenextday;northenextafterthat,norformany,manydaysafter.

6.Iknownotwhat,norwhere,neitherwhatlatitude,whatcountry,whatnation,orwhatriver.Ineithersaw,nordesiredtoseeanypeople;theprincipalthingIwantedwasfreshwater.

[注1]有时根据意义上的需要，下列句子是允许的。

Ithoughtofhim(=Ididntforgethim),nordidIforgetyou.

[注2]前句用little,hardly等半否定词，后句同样可跟延续否定句。

Theworldwilllittlenote,norlongrememberwhatwesayhere,butitcanneverforgetwhattheydidhere.

句型14［（前句）否定句，+（后句）no/not/nor…either…(or)…］

1.Wearenotinthewrong,nor(is)Johneither.2.Icannotsing,Icannotdance,either.

3.Maryhasnobrothers,nocousins,either.4.Idontknowit.Youdontknoweither?

5.Chinawillnotbeasuperpower,noteithertodayoreverinthefuture.

[注]英语中"也"的概念在肯定句中通常用too,also或…andaswell

句型15［主语+否定式谓语…，+增强语气词(much,still,even,far,alot,agreatdeal等)+less+名词词组或从句］表示"…,更不用说…"。

1.Icouldnotassentto,muchlessparticipateinsuchproceedings.

2.…hedarednotopenlychargeherwiththeattempt,muchlesspunishherforit.

3.Hedoesntlikemusic,stilllessdancing.

4.Ididnotevenseehim,stilllessshakehandswithhim.

5.Ihavenomind(idea)tolendthisbooktoanyone,muchlesstopartwithit.(割爱)

[注](much,still,even,far,alot,agreatdeal等)+more也用于追补某些未说完的内容，但muchmore只用于肯定句，不能引导延续否定句。如:Ilikemusic,muchmoredancing.HespeaksFrench,muchmoreEnglish.

Everyonehasarighttoenjoyhisliberty,muchmorehislife.

句型16［主语+否定式谓语…;+tosaynothingof/nottospeakof/nottomention+名词词组］

［主语+否定式谓语…;letalone+名词词组或从句］

1.HedoesnotknowEnglish,tosaynothingofGermanorFrench.

2.Inoldchinatherewashardlyanymachine-buildingindustry,tosaynothingofanaviationindustry.

3.Atthattimetheycouldnotaffordtheordinarycomfortsoflife,nottospeakofluxuries.

4.Idontknowalgebraorgeometry,nottomentioncalculus.

5.Ineverthoughtofit,letalone(或muchless,stillless)didIdoit.

[注1]"nottosay"与"tosaynothingof",意思相差很远。"nottosay"是"不到"的意思，如：Itiswarm,nottosayhot.

[注2]apartfrom;independentlyof(姑且不说…)如：Quiteapartfrom(orindependentlyof)sayingagooddealofmoneyindrawingillustrationsmyself,Iderivedmuchpleasurefromit.

半否定句

句型17［主语+带hardly等半否定词的谓语+（其他）］

1.Itscarcelymatters.2.IhavehardlyeverbeenoutofLondon…

3.ThedowntownsectionofNewYorkhashardly(almostnot)atreeorasinglebladeofgrassanywherealongthenarrowdustystreets.

4.Hewouldhardlyrecognizehishometownifhesawitnow.

5.Weseldomhearsuchfinesingingfromschool.6.Littleremainstobesaid.

句型18［半否定词+or/if+否定代词或否定副词+…］

1.Few,however,ifany,besidestheKinghimselfbelievedthatHermionewasguilty.

2.Isawlittleornothingofhimafteryouweregone.

3.Sheseldomornever(ifever)madeamistake.4.Mr.Morrisseldomorneverwentout.

5.Peterreadlittleornothing(littleifanything)insummervacation.

16.hadbetterdosth.最好干某事.

否定:hadbetternotdosth.

特别注意:hadbetter后面跟be动词词组,不可漏掉be.

eg.You’dbettercatchatrain.

You’dbetternottalkinclass.

You’dbetternotbelatefortheclass.

17.Itisgood(nice)of+宾格+todosth.

eg.ItisverygoodofyoutoteachmeEnglish.(你教我英语真是太好了)

18.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.(干某事化费某人多少时间)

=sb.spendsometimeonsth.(in)doingsth.

eg.Ittookmehalfanhourtodothework.=Ispenthalfanhourindoingthework.

19.sb.pay钱for物某物化费了某人多少钱=sb.spend钱on物=物costsb.钱

pay的过去式为paid而不是payed.

eg.Ipaidthirtyyuanforthecoat.

=Ispentthirtyyuanonthecoat.

=Thecoatcostmethirtyyuan.

20.havebeento某人曾去过某地,现在人不在那儿

sb.havebeenin+地点某人呆在某地(一段时间)

havegoneto某人已去某地,人不在这儿

21.⑴too…形容词(副词)+to…"太…而不能""太…以致于不"

eg.①Thebasketistooheavyformetocarry.这篮子太重我拿不动。

②ThiscolourTVistooexpensiveforustobuy.这台彩电对我们来说太贵了，买不起。

⑵so...that如此...以致于...

上面的too...to结构的句子，可以换成so...that引导的句子转换。

①ThebasketissoheavythatIcan’tcarryit.

②ThiscolourTVissoexpensivethatwecan’taffordit.

22.What’sthepopulationof...?...人口有多少？

不说Howmuchpopulationin...?形容人口数量的大用large

eg.ThepopulationofChinaistentimesaslargeasthatoftheUSA

23.I’vecometoreturnyourpan.(我跑来是还你锅的)→Whyhaveyoucome?而不用What

24.not...until(连词)方才，才

eg.Hesaysthathewon’tbefreeuntiltomorrow.他说他需到明天方才有空。

肯定句＋until到

eg.You’dbetterwaituntiltomorrow.(你最好等到明天)

25.neither...nor...既不...也不...

either...or...或者...或者...

eg.NeitherTomnorhisbrothersknowhowtospelltheword"hundred".

Eitheryouorsheisright.(谓语动词就近原则)

both...and...两者都...

eg.BothJimandIareinGradeOne(主语看作复数)

一般将来时

1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

2.时间状语：tomorrow，nextday(week，month，year)，soon，inafewminutes，bythedayaftertomorrow，etc。

3.基本结构：

①am/is/are/goingto+do;

②will+do。

否定形式：①am/is/are+not+goingto+do

②willnot(won‘t)+do。

一般疑问句：①am/is/are放于句首;

②will提到句首。

4.will主要用于在以下三个方面：

1)表示主观意愿的将来。

Theywillgotovisitthefactorytomorrow。

明天他们将去厂参观工厂。

I‘llcomewithWangBing，LiuTaoandYangLing。

我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。

2)表示不以人的意志为转移的客观的将来。

TodayisSaturday。TomorrowwillbeSunday。

今天是星期六。明天是(将)是星期日。

Hewillbethirtyyearsoldthistimenextyear。

明年这个时候他就(将)三十岁。

3)表示临时决定，通常用于对话中。

—Maryhasbeenillforaweek。

玛丽病了一周了。

—Oh，Ididn‘tknow。Iwillgoandseeher。

噢，我不知道。我去看看她。

5.begoingto主要用于一下两个方面：

1)表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事。

DadandIaregoingtowatchanoperathisafternoon。

今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。

2)表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生，表示推测。

Look!Therecomethedarkclouds。Itisgoingtorain。

瞧!乌云密集。天要下雨了。

新初三快扫码关注

本网微信公众号

每日推送学习技巧，学科知识点

助你迎接2020年中考！

1.一般否定句

句型1［主语+特殊定式动词+not+行为动词或表语+其他］

1.Chinaoftodayisnotwhatitwasthirtyyearsago.

2."IsntthatTeddyThomsonout?"-"Ithinkitshim,butIcantbeahundredpercentsure."

3."Oh,sir,hecanthavesaidsuchathing!Hecanthavespokenlikethattoyou,sir!"

4.WemustnotwaitforfavorsfromNature;wemusttakethemfromher.

5.Ihaventfinishedthebookyet.6.Moneycouldnotbuyhappiness.

[注1]Heisnofool.Greatbarkersarenobiters.

[注2]二十四个特殊定式动词：

句型2［主语+do(does,did)+not+行为动词+其他］

1.Sorrowdoesntbuybread.2.Puregolddoesnotdreadfire.

3."WhyisMr.Coopersoangrytoday?"-"Idontknowwhy."

4."Theydidnotstealsomuch."-"Idontcarehowmuch."Hesaid,"…Athiefisathief."

句型3［主语+行为动词+no/not+宾语+其他］

1.Arollingstonegathersnomoss.

2.Viola,hearingthis,knewnothowtobehave,norhowtoanswerher.

3.Iknownotwhatcourseothersmaytake,but,asforme,givemelibertyorgivemedeath!

4.Wearefleet-wingedmenatarms;wefearnotmountainshighorriversdeep.

句型4［Therebe+no/not/notany+主语(+状语)］

1.Therewasnowellinthevillageatthattime.

2.OliverTwistwasborninaworkhouse…Therewerenoaunts,nosisters,nocousins,nograndmothers.

3.Thereisnotamomenttobelost.4.Thereisnoholdingbackthewheelofhistory

[附注]一般否定句的其他表达方式：

1.Whoknowsit?(=Nooneknowsit.)Darehedoit?(=Hedarenotdoit.)

2.Godonlyknows!(=Nooneknows.)AsifIwouldallowit!(=Iwouldcertainlynotallowit.)

3.Catchmedoingthat!

4.IfIdoIamavillain.(=Iwillnotdo.)Dothatagainifyoudare.

5.InHeaven,anangelisnobodyinparticular.Theyshunpersonalfameandgains.

6.Thecityandtheareasarounditareanice-freeportandanuclearweapon-freezone.Thebuildingisinastateofneglect.

7.Shestoodstill,tryingwinly(invain)toanswerthebatteryofquestionsraisedbythereporters.

8.Idisliketheideaverymuch.Mr.Whitehasrefrainedfrommakinganyofficialcommentonthecoupinthatcountry.Yesterdayshefailedtogettoschoolontime.Theevidenceisconclusive,excludingallpossibilitiesofdoubt.Theyexcludedchildren(from)gettingin.Wellforeverliveuptowhatthepartyexpectsofus.Avoidoperatingthekeysroughly.Shewasrefusedadmittancebythem.

9.Slipsarescarcelyavoidablewhenyourenewtoyourwork.Heisignorantofconditionsatthelevels.OurPLAisworthyofbeingcalledagreatarmypfthepeople.

10.Themeetingsweremarkedbysuchanabsenceoflivelydiscussionsthatattimestheywerealmostonthepointofbreakingup.LeiFengsnobledeedsareaboveallpraise.Todothisisbeyondmyability.Heisoutoftheoffice.(=Heisnotintheoffice.)TomisawayfromCambridge.(=TomisnotatCambridge.)Itisfarfromperfect.Thatservedtostrengtheninsteadofweakenourdetermination(or:Thatstrengthened,ratherthanweakened,ourdetermination.)Thetruthisquiteotherthanwhatyouthink.Iknowbetterthantoquarrel.

2.特指否定句

句型5［…not+非谓语成分…］

1.Notasoulwasanywherevisible.2.Youmustalwaysremembernottobecomeconceited.

3.Theteachertoldhispupilsnottomakesuchamistakeagain.

4.Iwenttoseehimoff,nottomeethim.5.Wefeltsorryfornotcomingontime

句型6［主语+否定式谓语+(宾语)+状语或从句(被否定部分)］

1.Idontthinkitisrighttomakesuchhastydecision.2.Imnotfeelingverywelltoday.

3.Idontbelievethathewillcometomorrow.

4.Youcantjudgeathingonlybyitslooks.

5.HesstudyingEnglishnow,buthedoesntspeakEnglishverywellyet.

6.Peopledidnotshakeoffcolonialistsyokeinordertoputonhegemonistsyoke.

7.DontthinkillofmebecauseIuseherhelp.Shegivesitcheerfullyasyousee…

Therebe句型：此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。它其实是全倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be之后，there仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词，而用live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等，但一般不用have。如：

Therestandsahillinthemiddleofthepark.

Onceuponatimetherelivedanoldkinginthetown.

Be与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：

现在有thereis/are…

过去有therewas/were…

将来有therewillbe…；thereis/aregoingtobe...

现在已经有therehas/havebeen…

可能有theremightbe...

肯定有theremustbe…/theremusthavebeen...

过去曾经有thereusedtobe…

似乎有thereseems/seem/seemedtobe…

碰巧有therehappen/happens/happenedtobe…

Once,therelivedanoldfishermaninavillagebythesea.

Theweathermansaysthere’llbeastrongwindintheafternoon.

Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar.

"介词+名词/代词"所构成的短语称为介词短语。

1．in+语言/颜色/衣帽等，表示使用某种语言或穿着……。

2．in+Row/Team/Class/Grade等，表示"在……排/队/班级/年级"等。

3．inthemorning/afternoon/evening/表示"在上午/下午/傍晚"等一段时间。

4．inthedesk/pencil-box/bedroom等表示"在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里"。

5．inthetree表示"在树上(非树本身所有)"；onthetree表示"在树上(为树本身所有)"。

6．inthewall表示"在墙上（凹陷进去）"；onthewall表示"在墙上（指墙的表面）"。

7．atwork（在工作）/atschool（上学）/athome（在家）应注意此类短语中无the。

8．at+时刻表示钟点。

9．likethis/that表示方式，意为"像……这/那样"。

10．of短语表示所属关系。

11．behind/beside/near/under+名词等，表示方位、处所。

12．from与to多表示方向，前者意为"从……"，后者意为"到……"。

另外，以下这些短语也必须掌握。如：onduty,afterbreakfast,atnight,atthedoor,inthemiddle,inthesky,ononesbike等。