初中英语重点句型及例句（通用20篇）

一般判断句

句型［主语+系词be+表语］

1.Knowledgeispower.2.Whatsmineisyours,andwhatisyoursismine.

3."Whoareyou?"-"ItisI."4."WhoisI?"-"Pinocchio."

5.Heisagoodeaterandagoodsleeper.6.Sheisquitethebestdancer,Iknow.

7.Bensagoodrunner;fewseamenrunbetterthanBen.

8."Whatkindofsailorareyou?"-"Imnotmuchofasailor.

9.IknewIdontexpressmyselfproperly:Imabadhandatsentimentality.

10.Ourconferencehasbeenhighlysuccessful.

11.Thesuccessfulconvocationofthenationalscienceconferenceisamatterofgreatjoyforus.

[注1]除了报刊标题和一些谚语格言省略系词外，一般情况下系词是不可随便省略的。汉语说"东方红"，英语一定要用系词，说成"Theeastisred.""他很和气。"英语要说，"Heisverykind."，"你的表不对。"英语不能说"Yourwatchisnotcorrect.",只能说"Itsnotrighttimebyyourwatch."/"Yourwatchdoesnotkeepgoodtime."他是人民的死敌。"英语说"Heisthedeadlyenemyofthepeople."

[注2]英语中有些形容词只作表语用。常见的有：alive,alike,asleep,aware,fond,glad,faint,ill,wellunwell,afraid等等。另一方面要注意，有些形容词不能作表语，只能作定语用。主要有以下几种情况：

1）固定性词组中的形容词。可说"Heismyoldfriend."，不可说"Myfriendisold(或new)."可说"Heisacompletefool."，不可说，"Thefooliscomplete."

2）作强调语的形容词。可说"Itistheveryman."，不可说"Themanisvery."可说"Thisistheonlyoccasion."，不可说"Theoccasionistheonly."

3）起命名作用的关系形容词。可说"Heisanatomicspecialist."，不可说"Thespecialistisatomic."可说"Thisisawoolendress."，不可说"Thedressiswoolen."

句型［主语+mean+宾语或状语］

1.Sciencemeanshonest,solidknowledge.2.Difficultiesandhardshipsmeantnothingtothem.

3.Environmentmeansmuchtoachild.4.Yourfriendshipmeansagreatdealtome.

[注]除be,mean系词外还有become,make,grow,remain,feel,sound,smell,taste,prove,look,get,go,come,keep等。Hehasbecomeacommunist.Shewillmakeaverygoodathlete.NurturedbytheParty,hehasgrownintoagoodcadre

句型［主语+call/name+宾语+宾语补足语］［主语+be+called/named+主语补足语］

1.AnEnglishmancallshimselfyoungatfifty.2.Hecalledhismother"oldgirl",too.

3.WeallcallhimIronOx.4.WenamedhimJohn.5.HeiscalledbythenameofPaul.

6.Thisplaceisrightlycalledanearthlyparadise.7.Hewasnamedafterhisuncle.

句型［主语+regard等+宾语+as+宾语补足语］

1.Iregardhimasanobleman.2.Weregardeditasanhonor.

3.Donttreatcomradesasenemies.4.Welookonourjobasanhonor.

5.Welookuponouryouthasthefutureofourmotherland.

6.Heishonoredasamodelworker.7.Peoplerespectedhimasagreatpoet.

8.Thisroomservesastheoffice.9.TheydisguisedthemselvesasMarxists.

强调判断

句型［主语+be+nootherthan/nonebut+表语（强调内容）］

1.Thisisnootherthanmyoldfriend,John.

2.ThetallfigurethatIsawno/noneotherthanourcommander.

3.ThemanstandingbeforehimwasnoneotherthanthePartybranchsecretary.

4.OurPartysPolicyofcadresistoappointnonebutpeopleontheirmerit.

[注]类似的说法还有nobodyelse,"Isthatyou,Bumble?"-"Nobodyelse."AnsweredMr.Bumble.

句型［主语+be+nothing+(else)but/elsethan/lessthan+表语］

1.Geniusisnothingbutlaboranddiligence.2.Hitlerwasnothingbutapapertiger.

3.Thesituationisnothingelsebut(than)fine.4.Thatsnothinglessthanamiracle.

5.Whathetoldyouwasnothingelsethannonsense.

6.Hisfailurewasduetonothingelsethanhisowncarelessness.

7.Whatweexpectedisnothinglessthanatechnicalrevolution.

[注]相当于本句型的否定说法是"…beanythingbut…",译作"决不是"，如：

Heisanythingbutacoward.(=Heisnotacowardatall.)

句型［Itis/was+强调部分+that/who+从句］

1.Itispoliticalconsciousnessthatgivesvigortohiswritings.

2.Itwasowingtothevictoryoftherevolutionarywarof1776ledbyWashingtonthattheAmericanpeoplewonindependence.3.Itwasafterliberationthatweledahappylife.

4.ItwasinBeijingthatImethimforthefirsttime.

[注]除了以上句型表示强调外，还可以用以下方式来表达：

1）用very,only,certainly,ofcourse，tobesure等词语加强语气，如：

ThatstheverythingIneed.Thereportiscertainlyfalse.Heis,nodoubt,agoodpupil.

2)用"fromfirsttolast","outandout"(多用于反面)，"throughandthrough"(多用于正面)等成语加强语气，如：Itisadelusionfromfirsttolast…Heisatraitoroutandout.Heisarevolutionarythroughandthrough.

3)用准系词remain,continue等，如：Goldremainsgoldinthefurnaceofhistoryanddrossremainsdross.

4)有时用"…beneithermorenorlessthan…",(不多不少，十足)如：Itisneithermorenorlessthanalie.

弱势判断句

句型［主语+seem等感觉动词+表语］

1.Mycompanionlookedashamed."Well,"hesaid,"youwereright…"

2.Thesituationseemedquiteencouraging.3.Yoursentencedoesntsoundright.

4.Sheappearedquitetouchedatthewords.5.Ittastessweet.

6.Thecountryseemedtobegoingtothedogs.WarwiththeSouthorsecessionwasvaguelylookinginthedistance.

句型［主句+asif/asthough+从句（主语+虚拟式谓语）］

1.Youspokeasifyouhadbeenherebefore.2.IfeelasifIweretenyearsyounger.

3.Italmostseemedasifthegoodmanweretryingtoteachusallheknewatthislastlesson.

4.…hisexposedthroatlookedasifahalterwouldhavedoneitgood.

[注]在asif后面可以直接跟不定式，这是一种间缩的用法，如：Heopenedhislipsasiftosaysomething.

其次，在asif后面的谓语动词也有人用现在时的，如：Itlooksasifoursideis(或were)goingtowin.

句型［主语+may(+not)+be+表语+虚拟式谓语）］［Perhaps等副词+主语+谓语+其他］

1.Itmay(not)betrue.2."Thisfellow"hethought,"maynotbeascamp…"

3.Whatmonthisthis?-MaybeitsJuly.4.Perhapsyouareright.

5.Perhapssheisill.6.Itwillprobablybefinetomorrow.7.Possiblyitistrue.

句型［主语+be+itissaid,/asitwere,等+表语］

1.sheis,itissaid(或theysay),thebestpupilintheclass.

2.Peopleinthatvillage,itissaid(或theysay),areallkind-hearted.

3.Heisnotequaltothetask,asitwere.4.Heis,asitwere,awalkingdictionary.

5.Withtheilliterateaudience,hefelthimselfasitwerecastingpearlsbeforeswine.

6.Itisntaverygoodsuggestion,tosaytheleastofit.

[注]有两个词组容易与asitwere混淆，就是asitis,asitwas。这两个词组必须用在和它们的时态一致的句中。意思是"照现在的样子"，"照当时的样子"，但都引申译为"事实上"，如：Itisimpossibletocarryouttheplanasitis.

句型［主语+be+saidtobe/so-called/,whatiscalled,+表语］

1.HeissaidtobeanexcellentChinesescholar.2.Thisissaidtobethefinestparkinshanghai.

3.Thatisso-calledcivilizedworld.Thatisso-callednaturalism.

4.Heiswhatiscalled,apoet.Heis,whatiscalled,alivingdictionary.

注释判断句

句型［被说明的部分，+thatis(i.e.),/thatistosay,/namely(viz),/inotherwords+说明部分］

1.Mr.Greencametoseemenotlongago,thatis,onlylastweek.

2.We-thatistosay,JohnandI-intendtoresign.

3.Rulesofgrammarcannotbeprofitablystudiedintheabstract-thatistosay,withoutexamples.

4.Heisanoutstandingspecialist,thatistosay,heisbothredandexpert.

5.Wehavefivesenses,namely,sight,hearing,smell,taste,andtouch.

6.Amanshouldneverbeshamedtoownhehasbeeninthewrong,whichisbutsaying,inotherwords,thatheiswisertodaythanhewasyesterday.

7.IdonotknowMr.Flynn,i.e.,donotknowhimwellenoughtosayifheisabsolutelyreliable.

句型［被说明的部分，+tobemoreexact,/ormorecorrectly,/orrather+说明部分］

1.Threeweekstomorrow,tobemoreexact(ormorecorrectly),the10thofMayismybirthday.

2.Thisisapillar,ormorecorrectly,acolumn.3.Itisahutor,tobemoreexact,acowshed.

4.Histheory,orrather,hypothesis,wasnotunobjectionable.

5.Wegothomelatelastnight,orrather,earlythismorning.

正反判断句

句型［主语+be+not+表语A,+but+表语B］/［主语+be+表语B+and(或but)not+表语A］

1.Iamveryill,notbodily,butmentally.

2.WhatIadmireinColumbusisnothishavingdiscoveredaworld,buthishavinggonetosearchforitonthefaithofanopinion.

3.Thetragedyisnotinnotknowing,butinnotknowingthatyoudontknow.

4.TheMarxist-Leninisttheoryisnotadogma,butaguidetoaction.

5.Heisanordinaryworker,andnotacadre.

6.Itisyours,andnotmine.(=itisnotmine,butyours.)

句型［(Itis)not…that(who)…,but…that(who)…］

1.(Itis)NotthatIdislikethework,butthatIhavenotime.

2.Notthatweareafraidofdifficulties,butthattheyareafraidofus.

3.Itisnotheroesthatmakehistory,buthistorythatmakesheroes,andthat,consequently,itisnotheroeswhocreatepeople,butthepeoplewhocreateheroesandmovehistoryonward.

句型［Sofarfrombeing+表语，主语+谓语+其他］

1.Sofarfrombeingahelp,hewashindrance.2.Sofarfrombeingtrue,thenewsisfalse.

3.Sofarfrombeingashamedofit,hegloriesinit.

[注]在一般陈述句中仅用farfrom也可以表示一正一反的意义,如:Farfrompraisinghim,Imustpositivelyblamehim.

句型［主语+seem等感觉动词+表语，+but+inreality/infact/inessence+…］

1.Thatsoundsallright,butinrealityitisnot.

2.Thismayseemabadthing,butinrealityitisagoodthing

3.Helooksignorant,butinfactheisveryclever.

4.Thetwothingsthoughsimilarinformaredifferentinessence.

5.Heappearstobewell,butreallyheisratherill.

6.HethinkshimselfaswiseasSolomon,butinrealityheisacompletefool.

[注]insteadof可以用来表示正反判断，如：Wemustworkhardinsteadofspendingourtimeidly.

比较判断句

句型［主语+be+less表语A+than+表语B］/［主语+be+more表语B+than+表语A］

1.Experienceshowsthatsuccessisduelesstoabilitythantozeal.Thewinnerishewhogiveshimselftohiswork,bodyandsoul.

2.Itisevenmoreapicturethanapoem.3.Heismoreshythan(heis)unsocial.

4.Ariverthatcarriessomuchsiltpercubicmeter(590kilograms-overhalfaton)ismorelikeliquidlandthanwater

[注1]more后面如果跟形容词，形容词要用原级，如：（正）Hewasmoreangrythanfrightened.

(误)Hewasmoreangrierthanfrightened.(误)Hewasangrierthanfrightened.

[注2]成语"moredeadthanalive"(劳累已极、累得要死)是一种夸张的说法，原意是"与其说还活着，不如说是死了。"如："Oliver,moredeadthanalive,couldanswerYes.

句型［主语+be+表语B+ratherthan+表语A］

1.Heisanordinaryworkerratherthanacadre.2.Heisratherdiligentthanclever.

3.Thepatientwasworseratherthanbetter.4.Heisanartistratherthanaphilosopher.

句型［主语+be+notsomuch+表语A+as+表语B］

1.Heisnotsomuchascholarasawriter.(notsomuch…as=less…than)

2.Itisnotsomuchthebeingexemptfromfaults,ashavingovercomethem,thatisanadvantagetous.

3.Itisnotsomuchadviceasapprovalthatheseeks.

[注]该句型也常用于行为动词作谓语的句子中。如：Amansworthliesnotsomuchinwhathehasasinwhatheis.

Theoceansdonotsomuchdividetheworldasuniteit.

互斥判断句

句型主语+be+(either)表语A+or+表语B］/［(Either)主语A+or+主语B+be+表语］

1.Heoryouaremistaken.Youorheismistaken.

2.Heisattheofficeorattheworkshop.3.Eitheryourbrakesoryoureyesightisatfault.

4.Itiswrongtoregardourworkeitherastotallygoodorascompletelybad.

5.EitherheisrightorIam.(=EitherheorIamright.)

[注]该句型可以采用简易方式："Ifitisnot…itis…"如：ifitisnottakingthesocialistroad,itistakingthecapitalistroad.

Therebe句型：此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。它其实是全倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be之后，there仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词，而用live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等，但一般不用have。如：

Therestandsahillinthemiddleofthepark.

Onceuponatimetherelivedanoldkinginthetown.

Be与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：

现在有thereis/are…

过去有therewas/were…

将来有therewillbe…；thereis/aregoingtobe...

现在已经有therehas/havebeen…

可能有theremightbe...

肯定有theremustbe…/theremusthavebeen...

过去曾经有thereusedtobe…

似乎有thereseems/seem/seemedtobe…

碰巧有therehappen/happens/happenedtobe…

Once,therelivedanoldfishermaninavillagebythesea.

Theweathermansaysthere’llbeastrongwindintheafternoon.

Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar.

一、themost+形容词+名词+(that)+主词+haveever+seen(known/heard/had/read,etc)

HelenisthemostbeautifulgirlthatIhaveeverseen。

海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。

二、Nothingis+erthanto+V

Nothingis+more+形容词+thanto+V

例句：Nothingismoreimportantthantoreceiveeducation。

没有比接受教育更重要的事。

三、cannotemphasizetheimportanceof~~~toomuch

(再怎么强调.。。的重要性也不为过。)

例句：Wecannotemphasizetheimportanceofprotectingoureyestoomuch。

我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

四、Thereisnodenyingthat+S+V.。。(不可否认的……)

例句：Thereisnodenyingthatthequalitiesofourlivinghavegonefrombadtoworse。

不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

五、Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat+句子~~(全世界都知道……)

例句：Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthattreesareindispensabletous。

全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。

六、Thereisnodoubtthat+句子~~(毫无疑问的……)

例句：Thereisnodoubtthatoureducationalsystemleavessomethingtobedesired。

毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。

七、Anadvantageofisthat+句子(……的优点是……)

例句：Anadvantageofusingthesolarenergyisthatitwontcreate

(produce)anypollution。

使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。

八、Thereasonwhy+句子isthat+句子(……的原因是……)

例句：Thereasonwhywehavetogrowtreesisthattheycanprovide

uswithfreshair。

我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。

九、So+形容词+be+主词+that+句子(如此……以致于……)

例句：Sopreciousistimethatwecantaffordtowasteit。

时间是如此珍贵，它经不起我们浪费。

十、Adj+as+Subject(主词)+be,S+V(虽然……)

例句：Richasourcountryis,thequalitiesofourlivingarebyno

meanssatisfactory。

{bynomeans=innoway=onnoaccount一点也不}

虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。

十一、The+~er+S+V,~~~the+~er+S+V

The+more+Adj+S+V,~~~the+more+Adj+S+V

(愈……愈……)

例句：Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyoumake。

你愈努力，你愈进步。

十二、By+Ving,can(借着……，……能够……)

例句：Bytakingexercise,wecanalwaysstayhealthy。

借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。

十三、enable+Object(受词)+to+V(……使……能够……)

例句：Listeningtomusicenablesustofeelrelaxed。

听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。

十四、Onnoaccountcanwe+V~~~(我们绝对不能……)

例句：Onnoaccountcanweignorethevalueofknowledge。

我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。

十五、Itistime+S+过去式(该是……的时候了)

例句：Itistimetheauthoritiesconcernedtookproperstepstosolve

thetrafficproblems。

该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。

十六、Thosewho~~~(……的人……)

例句：Thosewhobreakthelawshouldbepunished。

违法的人应该受处罚。

十七、Thereisnoonebut~~~(没有人不……)

例句：Thereisnoonebutlongstogotocollege。

没有人不渴望上大学。

十八、be+forced/compelled/obliged+to+V(不得不……)

例句：Sincetheexaminationisaroundthecorner,Iamcompelledto

giveupdoingsports。

由于考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。

十九、Itisconceivablethat+句子(可想而知的)

Itisobviousthat+句子(明显的)

Itisapparentthat+句子(显然的)

例句：Itisconceivablethatknowledgeplaysanimportantroleinour

life。

可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。

二十、Thatisthereasonwhy~~~(那就是……的原因)

例句：Summerishot.ThatisthereasonwhyIdontlikeit。

夏天很炎热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。

二十一、Forthepast+时间，S+现在完成式。(过去……年来，……一直……)

例句：Forthepasttwoyears,Ihavebeenbusypreparingforthe

examination。

过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。

二十二、Since+S+过去式，S+现在完成式

例句：Sincehewenttoseniorhighschool,hehasworkedveryhard。

自从他上高中，他一直很用功。

二十三、Itpaysto+V(……是值得的。)

例句：Itpaystohelpothers。

帮助别人是值得的。

二十四、bebasedon(以……为基础)

例句：Theprogressofthesocietyisbasedonharmony。

社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。

二十五、Sparenoeffortto+V(不遗余力的)

Weshouldsparenoefforttobeautifyourenvironment。

我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。

二十六、bringhometo+人+事(让……明白……事)

例句：Weshouldbringhometopeoplethevalueofworkinghard。

我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。

二十七、becloselyrelatedto(与……息息相关)

例句：Takingexerciseiscloselyrelatedtohealth。

做运动与健康息息相关。

二十八、Getintothehabitof+Ving=makeitaruleto+V(养成……的习惯)

例句：Weshouldgetintothehabitofpreviewingandreviewing。

我们应该养成预习和复习的习惯。

二十九、Dueto/Owingto/Thanksto+N/Ving,(因为……)

例句：Thankstohisencouragement,Ifinallyrealizedmydream。

因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。

三十、Whata+Adj+N+S+V!=How+Adj+a+N+V!(多么……!)

例句：Whatanimportantthingitistokeepourpromise!

Howimportantathingistokeepourpromise!

遵守诺言是多么重要的事!

三十一、Haveagreatinfluenceon~~(对……有很大的影响)

例句：Smokinghasagreatinfluenceonourhealth。

抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。

三十二、dogoodto(对.。。有益)，doharmto(对……有害)

例句：Readingdoesgoodtoourmind。读书对心灵有益。

Overworkdoesharmtohealth。工作过度对健康有害。

三十三、Poseagreatthreatto(对……造成一大威胁)

例句：Pollutionposesagreatthreattoourexistence。

污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。

三十四、doonesutmostto+V=doonesbest(尽全力去……)

例句：Weshoulddoourutmosttoachieveourgoalinlife。

我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。

三十五、Amongvariouskindsof…，…=Ofallthe…，…在各种…之中?…

例句：Amongvariouskindsofsports,Ilikejogginginparticular。

在各种运动中我尤其喜欢慢跑。

三十六、Inmyopinion，…=Tomymind，…=AsfarasIamconcerned，…=Iamoftheopinionthat子句就我的看法…;我认为…

例句：Inmyopinion,playingcopmutergamesnotonlytakesmuchtimebutalsoisharmfultohealth。

就我的看法玩电脑游戏既花费时间也有害健康。

三十七、OfallthepeopleIknow，perhapsnondeservesmyrespectmorethan…在我认识的人当中也许没有一个人比…更值得我尊敬。

例句：OfallthepeopleIknow，perhapsnondeservesmyrespectmorethanMissWang,myEnglishteacher。

在我认识的人当中也许没有一个人比我的英文老师王老师更值得我尊敬。

三十八、据说…Itissaid(that)子句

一般认为…Itisthought(that)子句

大家都知道…Itisknown(that)子句

据报导…Itisreported(that)子句

一般预料…Itisexpected(that)子句

据估计…Itisestimated(that)子句

一般相信…Itisbelieved(that)子句

例句：ItsknownthatHangzhouisabeautifulcity。

众所周知杭州是座美丽的城市。

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1.两相关联

句型［…two…:one…,(and)theother…］/［…two…:one…,(and)another…］

1.Therearetwobooksonthetable:oneisChineseandtheother,English.

2.Everytimeyoubreathe,youbreathetwodifferentbreaths.Youtakeinoneandgiveoutanother.

3.Therearethreeballs.Oneisblackandtheothersarewhite.

句型［…one(thing)…,(and/but)…another…］

1.Itisonethingtoflourishandanothertofight.2.Tosayisonething,buttodoisanother.

3.Itisonethingtolearn,andanothertoteach.4.Toknowisonething,topractiseisanother

句型［On(the)onehand,…andontheother(hand)…］

1.Ontheonehand,Iamyourteacher,andontheother,Iamalsoyourcomradeandfriend.

2.Theyhavebeenblamedononehandandlaudedontheother.

3.Ontheonehand,youshouldntbeshy,ontheotherhand,youmustntforgetyourmanners.

4.Ontheonehand,theremustbegreatenthusiasminwork,andontheother,labormustbealternatedwithrest.

句型［…two(both)…,theone…(and)theother或theformer…(and)thelatter或thefirst…(and)thesecond或that(those)…(and)this(these)…］

1.Ihavetwobrothers,PaulandRichard;theone(theformer)isfifteenandtheother(thelatter)iseleven.

2.Accuracyandexpressivenessarethetworequisitesintranslation;theone(thefirst)istoexpresstheexactthoughtoftheoriginalarticleandtheother(thesecond)istomakethetranslationreadilyunderstood.

3.Todieortoyield?Iprefertheformeralternativetothelatter.

4.InhislecturehedweltespeciallyuponAhQandKongI-ji,pointingoutthatthesecondaswellasthefirstwasatype.

5.Workandplayarebothnecessarytohealth,this(thelatter)givesusrest,andthat(theformer)givesusenergy.

6.Theykeephorsesandcattle,thoseforriding,andtheseforfood.

[注]如果连举三件事物或人，然后加以说明时，可用152句型的扩充式："…three,one(theone)…another(theother/thesecond)…athird(thethird)…"。如：

1.Therearethreepeople.Oneisaworker,anotherisapeasant,andathirdisasoldier.

2.Onceuponatimetherelivedthreepeople:theonewasdeaf,theother(second)wasblind,andthethirdwaslame.

句型［Some…(and)some/others…］

1.Somesayyes,andsomesayno.2.Someliketoplayfootball,othersarefondofbasketball.

3.Everyoneofushasanengine,i.e.thebrain,somepeoplecanuseit,andsomepeoplecannot.

4.Afterwefinishschool,someofuswillentertheuniversitiestostudy,someofuswillworkinthefactories;someofuswillgotothecountryside,andsomeofuswillbesoldiersinthearmy.

5.Someareplayinggamesunderabigtree.Somearedancinginaring.Othersarerowingonthelake,andstillothersaresingingontheplayground.

[注]类似本句型的还有：

1)"…partof+名词…,therest(of+名词)如：Thegraduatesofourschoolnumbertwohundredandthirty,partofwhomarestudyingonwhiletherest(remainder)aregoingtothecountrysideorenteringfactories.

2)"…part…part…"如：Athome,IoftenspeakasentencepartinChinesepartinEnglish.

3)"…half…half…"如：Thisalloyishalfcopperhalfsilver.

先后顺序

句型［…first,…,second,…,third,…,lastly,…］［…One,…,Two,…,Three,…,Four,…］

［…first(firstly),…,secondly,…,thirdly,…,lastly,…］

1.Tombrowniswellknowninthiscity.(First)Hehasbeenamemberofthecitycouncilformanyyears.Secondly,andfarmoreimportantly,heisafootballplayerofnationalreputation.

2.First,Iwishbothofyougoodhealth.Second,Iwishbothofyousuccessinyourwork;andthird,Iwishbothofyougoodluckineverything.

3.Whatdoweneedinordertoreallywin?Weneedthreethings:first-arms,second-arms,third-armsandarmsagain.

句型［First/Atfirst/Firstofall…,soon/afterwards…,then/later/lately…,finally/eventually/atlast…］

1.Firstthink,(and)thenspeak.2.Atfirstyoumayfindithard,butitwillsoonbecomeeasy.

3.Ithinkthisfirstdayofourvacationisgoingtobeveryenjoyableforus.Wellprobablyfirstplayagameoftennis.Afterwardswelltakeashower.Thenwelldosomesun-bathingonthebeach.Eventually,welltakeawalkintotown.

4.FirsthegoestoParis,thenhegoestoBrussels,thenhemakesuphismindtogotoParisagain,andthenfinallydecidestocomehome.

5.First,thesensesaretobesettowork;then,memory;and.,atlast,understandingandjudgment.

句型［Tobeginwith/Atthebeginning…,next/secondly/thesecondpoint…,furthermore/moreover…,finally/thefinalpoint/andtoconclude…］

1.Tobeginwith,heistooyoung;secondly,hehasnotfinishedhisstudies.

2.Theycannotagree.Tobeginwith,theyquarrel.Next,theycalleachothernames.Finally,theyfighteachotherwiththeirspears.3.Atthebeginningheshowedsomereluctance,butfinallyconsented.

4.Takingthepictureismainlyaquestionofspeed,firstinselectingthesubject,nextinfocusingthecamera,furthermore,intakingtheactualpictureandfinallyinhandingoutthecard.

[注]这种常见的呼应承接方式：1)开头用语：Tobeginwith,wemaysaythat…Iwanttobeginbysaying…

ThefirstthingIwanttosay…AtfirstIwanttosay…

2)中间承接用语：Next,begtopointoutthat…ThenextpointImustmakeis…Anotherthingis:…

Therestillanotherthing:…Iwanttomakeonemorepoint…

3)结束用语：Iwillsumupbysaying…Iwillconcludebysaying…Thefinalpointis…

ThefinalthingIwanttosayisthis…

修饰限制

句型［…thesame+名词+as/that+从句］

1.Thisisthesamebagas（相似）/that(同一)Ilostyesterday.

2.Isthisthesameasyoushowedmebefore?3.Iamofthesameopinionasyou(areoftheopinion).

4.Heisofaboutthesameageasyou(areoftheage).

5.Thisisthesame(=very)manthatImettheotherday.

6.Agoodbookmaybeamongthebestoffriends.Itisthesametodaythatitalwayswas,anditwillneverchange.

7.Thisisbutanexpressionofrevisionism,thesamerevisionismthatLeninfought.

[注]本句型中as有时可以当that用，如：Wedroveoutofthetownbythesameroadaswehadenteredby.

如果thesame表示"同一"时，后接with+名词，如：Icameinthesamebuswithhim.

Theyareinthesameclasswithus.

句型［…such…+名词+as+名词或从句］

1.Thereisnosuchplaceasyoudreamofinallthisworld.2.IlikesuchfinecityasBeijing.

3.Thiswassuchamereplatitudeasalmosttogowithoutsaying.

4.NowhereintheworldistheresuchaplaceforanidlemanasLondon.

5.ThewavesweresuchasIneversawbefore.

6."…wecantbelieveyou.Thereisnosuchcountryintheworldastheoneyouhavetoldusabout…."

[注]本句型中as不可以用that,which或who取代。如:（错）Donottalkaboutsuchthingsthat/whichyoudonotunderstand.应说：Donottalkaboutsuchthingsasyoudonotunderstand.或Donottalkaboutthosethingsthat/whichyoudonotunderstand.

句型［…one/he;those/they+who（定语从句）］

1.Helaughsbestwholaughslast.2.Hewhowouldsearchforpearlsmustdivebelow.

3.Theywhoarefullofthemselvesareveryempty.

4.Thereisnoroyalroadtoscience,andonlythosewhodonotdreadthefatiguingclimbofitssteeppathshaveachanceofgainingitsluminoussummits.

5.Thosewhounderstandthisformulaholduptheirhands.

句型［…all+who/that（定语从句）］

1.Irememberedthatallwhotookpartintheeveningdanceforjoy.

2.AllwhomIsawherewerediligentattheirwork.3.Alliswellthatendswell

4.Allthathedoes,hedoesitwell.

5.Allthatyoudo,dowithyourmight,thingsdonebyhalvesareneverdoneright.

[注]英语中有专用以指物的句式，如：Itisthatthat(多用which)Ineed.Thosethatsucceedaremostlycorrect.

句型［Aperson等+who定语从句］

1.Manwhohasasettledpurposewillsurelysucceed.

2.Donotblametheonewhospeaksbutheedwhatyouhear

3.Apersonwhomeetswithdifficultiesmayaskhiscomradesforhelp.

4.PeoplewhoareliberalslookupontheprinciplesofMarxismasabstractdogma.

5.Apersonwhodoesnotdohisdutywillnotsucceed.

6.Peoplewholiveinglasshousesshouldnotthrowstones.

[注]以上句型都含有"条件"意味，不过不能在句子前加if，不然就用条件从句来表示,如:（错）Ifapersonwhodoesnotdohisdutywillnotsucceed.应说:Ifapersondoesnotdohisduty,hewillnotsucceed.

句型［…theday/time…+when（定语从句）］

1.IshallneverforgetthedaywhenIenteredtheuniversity.

2.Thetimewillcomeafterallwhenwearevictorious.

3.Thedaywillcomewhenhistorywillspeak.

4.Hehadseenthedaywhentherewerenomotorcarsontheroads.

5.GoneforeverarethedayswhentheimperialistscoulddoastheypleasedinAsia,AfricaandLatinAmerica.

两相连接

句型［…notonly/notenough/notmerely…+also/butalso(too)/but…(aswell)…］

1.Inotonlyheardit,but(also)Isawit.=Inotonlyheardit,Isawit,too(aswell).=Inotonlyheardit,butsawitaswell.

2.Wevecomealongwaytoyourcountrynotonlytogiveperformances,but,whatsmoreimportant,topromotemutualunderstandingbetweenus.

3.Itisnotonlywhatwedo,butalsowhatwedonotdo,forwhichweareaccountable.

4.Ifyourfriendremindsyoukindlyofyourfaults,takewhathesaysnotmerelypleasantlybutthankfully.

5.Itisnecessaryforustolearnfromtheveteranworkersnotenoughtheirskillbutalsotheirnoblerevolutionaryspiritandgoodproletarianqualities.

[注1]注意本句型中连词所连接的是两个同等成分，连词的位置应摆在两个同等成分的前面。如：

（误）HenotonlyspeaksEnglish,butalsoFrench.（正）HespeaksnotonlyEnglish,butalsoFrench.

[注2]如果本句型中连词所连接的是两个主语，其谓语动词应与靠近的一个名词保持人称和数的一致。如：

Notonlythechildrenbutalsotheirfatherisinthetown.Notonlythemanbut(also)hischildrenareinthetown.

[注3]sofarfrom[不…而…]Sofarfromtheraindoinganygood,itdidagooddealofharm.

句型［…名词A+aswellas+名词B］/［…名词B+and+名词+Aaswell］

1.Heaswellasyouisverydiligent.

2.Youaswellasheareverydiligent.(cf.Notonlyyoubutalsoheisverydiligent.)

3.Thesepillsaregoodtopreventdisease,aswellastocurewhenoneissick.

4.Thechildislivelyaswellashealthy.5.TheylearnFrenchaswellasEnglish.

[注1]注意aswellas用在肯定句中与否定句中的含义不同，如：

He,aswellashissister,hasjoinedtheParty.He,aswellashissister,hasnotyetjoinedtheParty.

HehasnotyetjoinedthePartyaswellashissister.（他还没有像他姐姐那样入了党。）

[注2]如果连接的成分较多，还可以将句型166，167结合起来用，如：Thisprojectnotonlyhascomeintofullplayinirrigation,butalsoplayedanimportantpartindevelopingwaterpower,navigationandfisheryaswellasinprovidingindustrialwatersupply.

句型［…both+A(名词)+and+B(名词)…］［…atonce+A(名词)+and+B(名词)…］

1.BothmywifeandMrs.Bakerareveryfondofmusicandbothplaythepianoverywell.

2.Thebookisalike(=both)agreeableandinstructive.3.Hehasbothabilityandprinciple.

4.Dickenslanguage,atoncerich,colorfulandvaried,islikeafineandsensitivemusicalinstrument.

5.Achildisaresponsibilitybothtoitsparentsandtosociety.

句型［…neither…nor…］

1.Neitheryounorheistoblame.2.Marywasneitherhappy,norwasshesad.

3.Hownicetheweatheris！Itisneitherhotnorcold.

4.Ineitherexpressedsurpriseatthisresolutionnorattemptedtodissuadeherfromit.

[注1]如果连接两个以上的并列成分，可用以下方式：

1)"…neitherA,ＢnorC…"如：Theysparenothing,neithertheirlabor,theirwealthnoreventheirlives.

2)"…neitherA,BnorC,norD…"如：NeitheryounorInoranybodyelsehasseenit.

[注2]诗歌中的"nor…nor…"="neither…nor…"如：Norheavennorearthhavebeenatpeacetonight.

句型174［…either…or…］

1.Pleaseeithercomeinorgoout,dontstandthereinthedoorway.

2.EitherIwillfindaway,orIwillmakeone.3.Itsnottobeforgottenorforgiveneither.

4.Infact,thepoorpeopleinEnglandaregiventhealternative,eithertodieofhungerquicklyoutsidetheworkhouse,ortodieofhungerslowlyinsideit.

[注]本句型可用于否定句,但句型166，168不用于否定句,如:(误)Henotonlydoesntfearhardships,butalsonotfeardeath.(不用于否定句)(误)Hedoesntfearbothhardshipanddeath.(误)Hefearsnotneitherhardship,nordeath.(正)Hefearsneitherhardshipnordeath.Hedoesntfeareitherhardshipordeath.

It引导的被动句

句型［It+被动式谓语+名词/形容词+实际主语（不定式、动名词）+其他］

1.Itwasconsideredashametocheatinexamination.2.Itwasfounddifficultforustounderstandhim.

3.Itwouldbeconsideredunwiseyourgoingtherewithoutaguide.

4.Itwasdeemedsheerwasteoftimearguingaboutit.5.Itwasprovedwrongtosaythingslikethat.

句型［It+被动式谓语+实际主语（that/疑问关联词）+从句］

1.Itisrequestedthatyoukindlytakeimmediateactioninthematter.

2.Itwasarrangedthatalltheboysshouldgobybikeandallthegirlsonfoot.

3.Ithasnotbeenfoundoutwhosettherecord.

4.Ithasntbeenmadeclearwhenthenewroadisopentotraffic.

5.Hasitbeendecidedwherewearetoholdtheconference?

保留宾语的被动句

句型［主语+被动式谓语+保留宾语+（by+施动者）］

这类保留宾语的被动句中常用动词有：allow,afford,bring,deny,ensure,give,hand,lend,offer,owe,pass,pay,return,tell,show,teach等。

1.TheRosembergsweredeniedafairandopentrial.2.Mr.Smithwasgivenaprize.

3.Thepositionwasoffered(to)Mr.Black.4.Hewasshownthedifference.

5.WearebroughtfreedomandhappinessbytheParty.

句型［主语+被动式谓语+介词+保留宾语+（by+施动者）］

带介词保留宾语的被动句中常用动词有：clear…of,cure…of,strip…of,add…to,devote…to,dedicated…to,base…on,compare…with,free…from等。

1.Wearewhollydedicatedtotheeducationalcause.2.Thenewswastoldtoeveryone.

3.Alltheroadswereclearedofsnow.4.Educationmustbecombinedwithproductionlabor.

5.Thematterwasthenreportedtohimbytelephone.6.Theorderwaspassedtohimbyhisson.

4.带主语补足语的被动句

句型［主语+被动式谓语+介词+主语补足语+不定式/现在分词+（其他）］

适用本句型常见的谓语动词：接不定式的：advise,allow,ask,compel,command,help,wish,warn,等。

接现在分词的：feel,hear,listento,notice,see,lookat,watch,find,imagine,leave（听任）等。

1.Iwaswarnednottobelate.2.Becauseofhiscomplainthewasnotpermittedtoplaycricket.

3.Iamsupposedtoknowsomethingaboutscience.4.Theyneedntbekeptwaiting.

5.Childrenshouldbetaughttospeakthetruth.6.Theenginehadbetterbestartedrunning.

句型［主语+被动式谓语+介词+主语补足语+名词/形容词/介词词组+（其他）］

适用本句型常见的谓语动词：接名词的：name,call,choose,elect,appoint,make,find,leave（保留）等。

接形容词的：bake,beat,boil,burn,cut,keep,make,paint,wash,wipe等。

1.ThislittleboywascalledJohn.2.Hewasappointedheadoftheteam.

3.NewtonwasmadePresidentoftheRoyalSociety.4.Hewasbeatblackandblue

5.Ilosemykey.Thetrunkhadtobebrokenopen.6.Thepatientwaspronouncedoutofdanger.

1.Therebe结构

a.这是英语中常见的一种结构，表示“某地有某物”其含义为“存在有”。

eg.Therearetwentygirlsinourclass.have也解释为“有”但是与therebe有区别，它的含义是“所有，属有”，其主语为某人。eg.Ihaveanicewatch.

b.Therebe结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致。

c.Thereisarivernearourschool.

否：Thereisnotarivernearourschool.

问：Istherearivernearourschool.

回答：Yes,thereis.No,thereisn’t.

划⑴Howmanyriversaretherenearourschool?

⑵What’snearourschool?

d.therebe结构的一般将来时，同学们较难掌握，其正确形式为：thereisgoingtobe

e.反意疑问句的构成：Thereisnowaterintheglass,isthere?

①Thereisgoingto_____afootballmatchthisafternoon.

A.haveB.watchC.beD.play

②Theyweresurethattheyweregoingto____arest.

A.beB.haveC.beonD.on

2.so,neither引导的倒装句,为了避免和前一句话的内容重复，英语中习惯用so,neither引导的倒装句。

a.So+be(助动词，情态动词)+主语。表示某人也是如此。

eg.Mikehasboughtsomeforeignstamps.

SohasBob.=Bobhasboughtsome,too.

b.Neither+be(助动词，情态动词)＋主语，表示某人也不。

eg.MotherhasneverbeentoJapan.

NeitherhasFather.=FatherhasneverbeentoJapan,either.

c.So＋主语＋be(助动词，情态动词)。表示果真如此(赞同),请同学们与a.区别。

eg.A:Mikeisrightintheclassroom.

B:Soheis.=Heisreallyintheclassroom.

3.It’s+时间+since动词过去式。自从...起已有...时间了。

⑴It’stwoweekssincewemetlast.(自从我们上次见面已有两个星期了)

⑵HowlongisitsinceweleftBeijing?(自从我们离开北京已有多久了

4.祈使句+and(那么)...

eg.Gostraightonandyou’llseeaschool.=Ifyougostraighton,you’llseeaschool.

5.祈使句+or...否则...

eg.Workhard,oryouwillfallbehindtheotherstudents.

=Ifyoudon’tworkhard,you’llfallbehindtheother.

6.The+比较级...，the+比较级...越...越...

eg.⑴Themore,thebetter.越多越好。

⑵Theharderyouworkonit,thebetteryou’llbeatit.(你越用功，你就越好。)

7.Howdoyoulikethefilm?=Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?(你认为这部电影怎样？)

8.What...dowith...?怎样对付...?怎样处理...?

虽然中文为怎样，我们绝不可照字面翻译为how.

eg.A:Whathaveyoudonewiththelibrarybook?

B:I’vejustreturnedittothelibrary.

9.Idon’tknowwhattodo.我不知道该怎么办？

Idon’tknowhowtodo.×10.What...belike?...是什么样的？

eg.⑴What’stheweatherlike?天气如何？

⑵What’syourschoollike?你们学校是什么样的？

11.What...for?为何目的？为什么？

eg.Whatdoyouwantasciencelabfor?=Whydoyouwantasciencelab?

12.oneof+最高级＋复数最...之一

eg.MissZhaoisoneofthemostpopularteachers.

13.findit+形容词+todo

eg.IfinditusefultolearnEnglishwell.(我发觉学好英语是很有用的)

find+宾语+名词eg.Ifindhimagoodboy.(我发现他是个好男孩.)

find+宾语+形容词eg.Ifindthedooropen/closed.(我发现门开/关着)

Ifindourbagsfilledwith/fullofpresents.(我发现我们的包装满了礼物)

14.Idon’tthink+肯定句我想...不

eg.Idon’tthinkI’lltakeit.(我想我不买它了)

请注意:中文意思否定在从句中,但是英语的表达否定在主句中。

15.preferAtoB=likeAbetterthanB更喜欢A不怎么喜欢B.

eg.Ipreferfishtochicken.=Ilikefishbetterthanchicken

1．Ithink…意为"我认为……"，是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用Idontthink…，

2．givesth.tosb./givesb.sth.意为"把……给……"，动词give之后可接双宾语，可用这两种句型；若指物的宾语是人称代词时，则只能用giveit/themtosb.

3．takesb./sth.to…意为"把……(送)带到……"，后常接地点，也可接人。

4．One…,theother…/Oneis…andoneis…意为"一个是……；另一个是……"，必须是两者中。

5．Letsb.dosth.意为"让某人做某事"，人后应用不带to的动词不定式，其否定式为Dontletsb，dosth.，或Letsb.notdosth.另外，Lets与Letus的含义不完全相同，前者包括听者在内，后者不包括听者在内，

6．helpsb.(to)dosth./helpsb.withsth.意为"帮助某人做某事"，前者用不定式作宾补，后者用介词短语作宾补，二者可以互换.

7．Whatabout…？/Howabout…？意为"……怎么样？"是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。about为介词，其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式。

8．Itstimetodo…/Itstimeforsth.意为"该做……的时间了"，其中to后须接原形动词，for后可接名词或V-ing形式。

9．liketodosth./likedoingsth.意为"喜欢做某事"，前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作；后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作，

10．asksb.(not)todosth.意为"让某人(不要)做某事"，其中asksb.后应接动词不定式，

11．showsb.sth./showsth.todo.意为"把某物给某人看"，该句型的用法同前面第2点。

12．introducesb.tosb.意为"把某人介绍给另一人"；introducetosb.则是"向某人作介绍"。

英语中有一种主动句可以转换成两种被动句型，它们通常是一些表示客观说明的句子，如：

Peoplebelievedthatsheishonest.大家相信她是诚实的。www.51jjcn.cn/yfdq/3123.html

→It’sbelievedthatsheishonest.大家相信她是诚实的。

→Sheisbelievedtobehonest.大家相信她是诚实的。

比较上面两类被动句型可以发现，一类是“it+be+过去分词+that从句”，另一类则是“主语+be+过去分词+不定式”(其中的“主语”为前一类句型中that从句中的主语)，通常可用于这两类被动句型的动词有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,think,understand等，比较(同时注意其中时态和动词形式的变化)：

It’sexpectedthathewillcomesoon.=Heisexpectedtocomesoon.预计他很快就会来。

It’sexpectedthathehascome.=Heisexpectedtohavecome.估计他会已经来了。

It’sknownthatisagoodsinger.=Heisknowntobeagoodsinger.大家知道他是位优秀的歌手。

It’sknownthatwasagoodsinger.=Heisknowntohavebeenagoodsinger.大家知道他曾是位优秀的歌手。

基式被动句

句型［主语+（特殊定式动词）+be+过去分词…+by+施动者］

1.WehavebeengreatlyencouragedbyLeiFengsexample.

2.Smokingisnotpermittedinthistheatre.3.Howthesteelwastempered?

4.RobertFinnwasdismissedbythebossofthefactory.

5.IfCowperwoodwereconvicted,Stenerneedsmustbe.

6.Thestorywillbecontinuedinournextmonthsissue.

7.Hastheworkbeenfinishedaheadoftime?

[注]阅读时不要把含有by的成语当成施动者，如：byhand（用手）byitself（独自）bystorm（突然）byair（乘飞机）例如："ManyyearsagoagreatcastleinHollandwastakenbystorm.Theenemiesenteredthecastle…"

句型［主语+get+过去分词+其他］

1.Hegotkilledinthewar.2.Theboygothurtonhiswayhomefromwork.

3.ThisstoryeventuallygottranslatedintoEnglish.4.Hegotdismissed.5.Hegotplucked.6.Hegotdrownedlastyear.7.Idontwanttogetmixedupwiththepoliceagain.

句型［主语+be+形容词+tobe+过去分词+其他］

1.Sheisboundtobereceivedwarmly.2.Weareliabletobeoverheardhere.

3.Heisnotlikelytohavebeennotifiedaboutit.4.Castironisapttobebroken.

5.Everythingthatisgoodissuretobepraisedandeverythingbadissuretobeexposed.

6.Hewasunluckytobehurt.

句型［主语+谓语+tobe+过去分词+其他］

1.Heseemedtobeshutupinhimselflikeashellfish.2.Isittobesungorsaid?

3."WouldyouliketobetaughtLatin?"-Iasked.

4.Sheaskedtobesenttoworkinthecountryside.

5.Hepreferredtobeassignedsomethingmoredifficulttodo.

句型［主语+被动式谓语+介词/副词虚助词+by+施动者］

1.Hewasoftenspokenabout.2.Hewaswelllookedafter.3.Thatmancanbereliedupon.

4.ThisideawasputforwardbyMr.Wheatley.5.Childrenarewelltakencareofinthenurseries.

[附注1]表示被动行为的施动者主要用by，但也有用with,不过with已近于表示行为的工具，后面不能接人的名词，如：Iwasmuchimpressedwiththebeautyofthemusic.Heisdeeplyimpressedwithyourgenerousdonation.

Hewaskilledwithabullet.Iwasstruckwithanidea.

[附注2]一般说来，只有当谓语是被动式时，这个句子才可称为被动句，下面的句子含有被动意义的非谓语成分，虽然表达了一定的被动意义，但是不能说是被动句，Shedidntlikeherselftobepraisedlikethat.这种被动意义的非谓语成分主要由下了词语表达出来：

1)被动不定式。它可以在句中作主语、定语、复合宾语、状语等。

Itisanhonorformetobeinvitedtotakepartinthemeeting.

Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.Shewasthefirstwomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost.

2)被动分词在句中作定语、复合宾语等。Hetoldustokeepasecretofthethingsbeingdiscussed.

Thegoodsorderedlastmonthhavenotarrivedyet.Youllfindthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywhere.

ThespeechmadebythePrimeMinisteryesterdaydelightedhissupporters.

3)被动动名词。IhadthehonorofbeingelectedHisbeingneglectedbythehostaddedtohisuneasiness..

It既是代词又是引词。作代词时，它可作人称代词、指示代词、非人称代词，用于前指、非确指或习语中。作引词时，它本身无实义，只起先行引导的作用。

可作形式主语（itis+adj.+for/ofsb.todosth.）或形式宾语（it+adj.+todosth.），真实地主语或宾语是不定式、动名词或名词从句，它们则放在后面。It也用于强调句结构。

如想强调某个词或部分，可用itis(was)+强调部分（主语、宾语或状语）+that(who)…的强调结构。本章要求了解代词it和引词it的各种用法，重点掌握it用于前指或后指；引词it用于强调结构。

部分否定句

句型7［All,every等总括词…not+谓语动词…］

1.Allisnotgoldthatglitters.2.Allisnotlostthatisinperil.

3.Andyetalldidnotgosmoothlybetweenthem,fortheyoungerman…hadhisheartsetonNewYork.

4.Idontlikebothofthenovels.5.Everyonecannotmakemusic.

6.Everybody,itistrue,wouldntlikeit.7.Suchathingisnotfoundeverywhere.

8.Thegoodandthebeautifuldonotalwaysgotogether.

9.Amanoflearningisnotalwaysamanofwisdom.10.Idontwhollyagree.

[注]Somepeoplelikethatsortofthing;Somedont.

全体否定句

句型8［no,none等否定词…+肯定式谓语+其他］

1.Everybodytalksabouttheweather,butnobodydoesanythingaboutit.

2.Notrickerycanfoolus.3.Noneofmyfriendssmoke.

4.Icouldrememberneitherthenameoftheauthornorthetitleofthebook.

5.Nothingintheworldisdifficultforonewhosetshismindtoit.

6.Thebookwasnowheretobefound.7.Neitherofthesistersishere.

8.Neverhavewebeendauntedbydifficulties.

句型9［主语+否定式谓语+不定代词或不定副词］

1.Idonotknowanyofthem.2.Ididnotreceiveanylettersyesterday.

3.Idontlikeeitherofthenovels.4.Justicemustnotbedeniedtoanyone.

5.Didyougoanywhereyesterday?-No,Ididntgoanywhereyesterday.

6.AnyhowIshallnotgotoday.

[注]不可说"anybodycannotdoit."只能说"nobodycandoit."

句型10［All等概括词+肯定式谓语+含否定意义的单词…］

1.Allgermsareinvisibletothenakedeye.2.Allhisplanscametonothing.

3.Bothvisitorsareunwelcome.4.Everyplanmadebyhimisimpossibleofexecution.

5.WealldisbelieveintheexistenceofGod.6.Theirquarrelsarealwaysinterminable.

英语中的五种基本句型结构

一、句型1：Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)

这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work,sing,swim,fish,jump,arrive,come,die,disappear,cry,happen等。如：

1)LiMingworksveryhard.李明学习很努力。

2)Theaccidenthappenedyesterdayafternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。

3）Springiscoming.

4)Wehavelivedinthecityfortenyears.

二、句型2：Subject(主语)＋Link.V(系动词)＋Predicate(表语)

这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：

(1)表示状态。这样的词有：be,look,seem,smell,taste,sound,keep等。如：

1)Thiskindoffoodtastesdelicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。

2)Helookedworriedjustnow.刚才他看上去有些焦急。

(2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become,turn,get,grow,go等。如：

1)Springcomes.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。

2)Thetreehasgrownmuchtallerthanbefore.这棵树比以前长得高多了。

三、句型3：Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋Object(宾语)

这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词,所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例：

1)Hetookhisbagandleft.（名词）他拿着书包离开了。

2)LiLeialwayshelpsmewhenIhavedifficulties.(代词)当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。

3)SheplanstotravelinthecomingMayDay.（不定式）她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。

4)Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.(从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。

注意：英语中的许多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。

四、句型4：Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋Indirectobject(间接宾语)＋Directobject(直接宾语)

这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy,pass,lend,give,tell,teach,show,bring,send等。如：

1)Herfatherboughtheradictionaryasabirthdaypresent.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。

2）TheoldmanalwaystellsthechildrenstoriesabouttheheroesintheLongMarch.

老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。上述句子还可以表达为：

1）Herfatherboughtadictionaryforherasabirthdaypresent.

2）TheoldmanalwaystellsstoriesabouttheheroestothechildrenintheLongMarch.

五、句型5：Subject(主语)＋Verb(动词)＋Object(宾语)＋Complement(补语)

这种句型中的“宾语＋补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：

1）Youshouldkeeptheroomcleanandtidy.你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。（形容词）

2)Wemadehimourmonitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。

3)Hisfathertoldhimnottoplayinthestreet.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。

4）Myfatherlikestowatchtheboysplayingbasketball.(现在分词)

5)YesterdayIhadapicturetakenwithtwoAmericans.(过去分词)

●常见的动词有:tell,ask,advise,help,want,wouldlike,order,force,allow等。

●注意：动词have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：

1)Thebossmadehimdotheworkallday.老板让他整天做那项工作。

2)Iheardhersinginthenextroomallthetimelastnight.昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。

双重否定句

句型19［主语+否定式谓语…+否定词/含否定意义的词+其他］

1.Hedoesntlendhisbooktonobody.2.Youcantmakesomethingoutofnothing.

3.Illtakeitthen.Notfornothing.Illgiveyousomethinginreturn.

4.Icouldnotdisobeyhim.Onlyonethingremainedforme:tosufferandobey.

5.Hewasneverdissatisfiedwithmywork.6.Whatsdonecannotbeundone.

7.Thiscaptaintookafancytomyconversation,whichwasnotatalldisagreeableatthattime.

[注]如果要用否定代词作主语，谓语要用肯定式。

Nothingischangeless.Nothingiswithouthisfaults.Nothingisimpossibletoawillingmind.

［主语+否定式谓语…+without+名词…/动名词］

句型20［(Therebe)+no+主语+词组或从句+without+名词…/动名词］

［It(或名词)is+否定词语+不定式+without+名词…/动名词］

1.Wecanlivewithoutfoodorwaterforsomedays,butwithoutairwecannotliveevenafewminutes.

2.AtthebeginningoflearningEnglishhecouldnotspeakitwithoutmakingmistakes.

3.Thereisnorighttospeakwithoutinvestigation.4.Nogainswithoutpains.

5.(Thereis)Nosweetwithout(some)sweat.

6.Withoutrevolutionarytheorytherecanbenorevolutionarymovement.

7.Withoutknowledgeofscienceandtechnologyitisimpossibletobuildsocialism.

8.Itisimpossibleforyourteamtowinwithoutconstanttraining.

[注1]由第二式的省略"no…without…"进一步紧缩的结果，便产生"no…no…"简略式，主要用于谚语格言。例如：Nopains,nogains.Nolaw,noliberty.Noinvestigation,norighttospeak.Nothingventure,nothinghave.（nothing是no的派生词）

[注2]"notwithout…"表示"不无…"、"不是没有…"的意思，是一种委婉的说法。

例如：Notwithoutreason/notwithoutsomedoubtIhavebroughtbackyourman-notwithoutriskanddanger.

句型21［主语+cannot+help/refrainfrom/keepfrom+动名词…］

1.ThoughLaurencehadpromisedKeithnottoseeWanda,hecouldnothelpgoingtoher.

2.He(Shylock)couldnothelpshowinghispleasure.3.IcanthelpadmiringitwheneverIlookatit.

4.Icouldnotrefrainfromretortingtohearsuchalie.5.Icannotkeepfromlaughingtohearsuchastory.

句型22［主语+cannot+but/choosebut/helpbut+动词原形…］

1."Youcannotbutfeelalreadythatitisuselessstayinghere…youwillhavetogofarther."

2.Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.3.Wecannot(choose)butreadbookstoincreaseourknowledge.

4.Theycannotbutadmitthatincertainaspectsofscienceandtechnologyweareawayaheadofthem.

句型23［主句（否定结构）+从句（否定结构）］

1.Nothingwasusefulwhichwasnothonest.2.Nothingcanbewhollybeautifulthatisnotuseful.

3.Ihavenevercommittedoneactthatwasnotintheinterestsofmypeople.

4.Bassanio,inhisgrief,repliedthattherewasnothinghewouldnotsacrifice.

句型24［(Therebe)No+主语+but+谓语+其他］

1.Thereisnomanbuthashisfaults.2.(Thereis)Nobodybuthashisfaults.3.Noonebutcandoit.

4.Thereisnorulebuthasexceptions.5.Thereisnobodybutknowsthismatter.

句型25［第一分句（否定式谓语）+but+第二分句（肯定式谓语）］

1.Itneverrainsbutitpours.(=Itneverrainswithoutpouring.)

2.IneverseeyoubutIthinkofmybrother.3.Theynevermeetbuttheydiscussthisproblem.

4.Shenevercomesbutshebringssomethingforthechildren.

[注]汉语中的双重否定句译成英语时不一定用双重否定句。"知无不言，言无不尽。"--Sayallyouknowandsayitwithoutreserve."这样的人是没有不摔跤的。"--Suchpeopleareboundtotripandfall.

排除否定句

句型26［主语+谓语+beyond/beyondthefactthat…］

1.Hedidnothingbeyondwritingoneletter.

2.Hedidnotreallyknowwhathewasgoingtosay,beyondthatthesituationdemandedsomethingromantic.

3.OfOliverEdwards,nothing,Ibelieve,isknownbeyondthefactthathehadbeenatPembrokeCollegewithJohnson.

句型27［主语+谓语+but/butthat/barring…］

1.NooneknowsitbutyouandI.2.Hedidnothingbutwaitfortheresult.

3.Ihavenosecretofsuccessbuthardwork.

4.Icouldntseebutthatthesoldierswouldfightanddieforthesakeoftheircountry.

5.Whobuthewoulddosuchathing?

6.ThemeetingwillbeheldnextTuesdaybarringunforeseenfactors.

句型28［主语+谓语+except/exceptthat/exceptfor/excepting/…］

1.Everyoneisreadyexceptyou.

2.Nomaneverbecamegreatorgoodexceptthroughmanyandgreatmistakes.

3.Exceptalivingmanthereisnothingmorewonderfulthanabook.

4.Welaytherealongtimeinsilence,exceptthatWebbgroanedeverynowandthen.

5.Sheisabsolutelyaloneexceptforherson.

6.Allthesplendidfurnitureofhislateresidencehadbeensold,exceptinghiswifesharp.

句型29［主语+谓语+apartfrom/asidefrom/exclusiveof/withtheexclusionof…］

1.Apartfromthequestionofexpense,itistoolate.2.Asidefromthisstatement,herefusedtotalk.

3.Thebuildingwillcostabout2,500,000Yuan,exclusiveofthemachineryequipment.

4.TheCanalsysteminChinaisthemostextensiveintheworldwiththeexclusionofNetherland.

句型30［主语+谓语+save/savethat/savefor/saving/savingthat…］

1.Idoentreatyou,notamandeparts,saveIalone,tillantonymhasspoken.

2.Inthislifewegetnothingsavebyeffort.

3.Atthishourthegreattunnelwasquietsavewhenatrainroaredabove.

4.Allislostsavehonor.5.Savinghiseyesight,hewasaswellasever.

6.Thebarwasemptysaveforthelandlord.

7.SavingthathefailedinLatin,hedidwell.

句型31［主语+谓语+onlythat/otherthan…］

1.Ihavenothingagainsthim,onlythatIdislikehismanner.

2."IsanythingthematterwithMadeline?"-"No,papa,onlyIhavegotaheadache."

3.Itwasfortifiedonallsidesotherthanthis.

4.Youwillgenerallysufferforwishingtoappearotherthanwhatyouare;whetheritbegreater,ormorelearned.

[注1]besides和apartfrom兼有"除外"和"包括"的意思。Icarefornothingbesides(apartfrom)this.(多用于否定句)

Apartfrom(Besides)English,heisalsowellversedinRussian.(多用于带有also等副词的肯定句)

[注2]inadditionto有"包括"的意思,如:InadditiontoJohnsbeingblamedforthis,hewasblamedalsoforbreakingthewindow.

加强否定句

句型32［主语+强调词语+否定词+谓语动词+其他］

1.Hurlinginsultsandthreatsiscertainlynotfighting.2.Itsimplywillnotdo!

3.Wemustnotbecomecomplacentoveranysuccess.

4.Weabsolutelymustnotrelaxourwill.5.Thenatureofwolveswillneverchange.

6.WithouttheCommunistPartyIshouldassuredlynotbewhatIamtoday.

句型33［主语+be+thelast+名词+不定式…/从句］

1.ForitwasOliver,hiscruelbrother-thelastpersonOrlandowouldhaveexpectedtofindthere.

2.Heisthelastpersontodosuchathing.3.ThisisthelastplacewhereIexpectedtohavemetyou.

4.Breachofpromiseisthelastthingthatheislikelytocommit.

句型34［主语+谓语肯定式+含否定词语的成语+其他］［主语+谓语否定式+含不定词语的成语+其他］

1.AtnotimeandundernocircumstanceswillChinabethefirsttousenuclearweapons.

2.Youngpeopleshouldonnoaccount(=shouldnotonanyaccount)neglecttheirdailyphysicalexercise.

3.Wehaveideals,butwearebynomeansvisionaries.4.Hewillinnowisegiveupstudy.

[注]其他加强否定的方式：1.[…beanythingbut…](决不是)Heisanythingbutascholar.

2.[(Thereis)no+V-ing](决不可)Thereisnodenyingthefact.=Itisabsolutelyimpermissibletodenythefact.因此语意比下句强，"Itisimpossibletodenythefact."

句型35［主语+否定式谓语+微量词+名词+其他］

1.Wemustneverforamomentdivorceourselvesfromthemasses.

2.Themotherdidnothaveawinkofsleepthewholenightonaccountofthechildshighfever.

3.Hedidnotbreatheasinglewordaboutit.

4.ThoughIhavewalkedtwentymiles,Iamnotabittired.

5.Thelittleboyisdofullofenergythatherefusedtostayputforanylengthoftime.

[注]表示微量词的词组中以intheleast为最常见，不少的微量词可用它代替。如：

Iamnotintheleasttired.Iwasnotsurprisedintheleast.Thatboywasnotintheleastafraidofthesnake.

句型36［...否定词+名词+大范围词语...］

1.Therewillbenodifficultyintheworldwhichtheycannotovercome.

2.Thedoctorwaswritingabook,butitwentonsoslowlythatitwouldnotbefinishedwithinathousandyears.

3."Dontyoudance?"-"Imtheworldsworstdancer."

4.Hewasnotatallconfused.5.Itisofnovalueatall.

6.Thisisahistoricaltrendnoforceonearthcanholdback.

[附注1]与汉语中的否定式相对应的英语不一定要用否定式。如："很不好"，不能译成英语的"verynotgood",应换一种说法，"Thisisverybad.","Itisnotgoodatall."汉语"这事我一点也不知道"可译作"Iamquiteinthedarkaboutthematter."或"AboutthisIknewnothing."汉语"我很不喜欢喝酒。"可译作为"Idislikewineverymuch."或"Iamnotabitinterestedinwine./Idontlikewineatall./Iamthelastpersontolikewine.

其次要注意分析。汉语"一窍不通"，是缩小否定数量的说法，最好译成"beutterlyignorant"或"notknowtheABCof…/knownothingof…又如"世界上一切事物无不具有两重性"，这里有几个强调的词语："世界上"，"一切事物"，"无不"。"一切事物"不能用all/allthings,因此只能用缩小量的说法。"Thereisnotasinglethingintheworldwithoutadualnature."

[附注2]一般说来，只要需要，所有的肯定句都可以改为否定句，但一定要依照前面所介绍的各种句型的要求。此外，还应考虑以下几点：

1)逻辑上说不过去的不能改为否定句。WhereisMary?不能改为whereisntMary?

2)句型要求不能用否定式的。Howhard-workingheis!不能改为howhard-workingheisnt!

3)除句型28中列举的一些强调词语有分工外，以下词语只用于肯定句，否定句应采用括号中相对应的异根同义词。Some(not…any);too(not…either);so(neither,nomore);alongway(not…far);alotof/plentyof/agreatdealof/agooddealof…(not…muchof);as…as(notso…as);alreadystill(notyet/notanymore/nomore/nolonger…)

1.Ihavegotsome.→Ihaventgotany.2.Iseeagreatdealofhim.→Ididntseemuchofhim.

3.Wewentalongway.→Wedidntgofar.4.Iwilldosostill.→Illnotdosoanymore.

4)注意may,must,need,can(could)在肯定句与否定句中的含义变化，对应关系也会出现交错现象。

A.表示许可用may(口语中常用can);表示禁止通常用mustnot,有时也用maynot语气较委婉。

"May(Can)Ismokehere?"-"Yes,youmay(can)."或"No,youmustnot."或"Youmaynotsmokehere."

B.表示责任、义务或必要时用must,否定式只能用neednot

"Mustwehandinourhomeworktoday?"-"Yes,youmust.No,youneednt."

C.表示推测指"可能"时，用must;指"不可能"，"不一定"时用cannot/couldnot,有时也用maynot,口气较委婉，意为"也许不"。Thatmustbeamistake.No,itcannotbeamistake.Itmustnotbeamistake

D.表示推测也常用may，指"可能"；否定式同上。Hemayberight/Hecannotberight.Hemaynotberight.

1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。

3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

举例：

Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.

=Whenthetestwasfinished,webeganourholiday.

考试结束了，我们开始放假。

Thepresidentassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.

=Afterthepresidentwasassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.

总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。

Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.

如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。

Thisdone,wewenthome.

工作完成后，我们才回家。

Themeetinggoneover,everyonetiredtogohomeearlier.

会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。

Hecameintotheroom,hisearsredwithcold.

他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。

Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.

他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆。

一、动词(Verb)

一般现在时表示现在的状态

如:He is twelve.She is at home.

表示经常的或是习惯性的动作.

如:I go to school at 7:30 every day.

表示主语具备的的性格和能力等

如:She like apple.They know English.

(一)动词be(Verb to be)

肯定式I am......否定I am not....

肯定式You are...否定式You are not....

肯定式He/She/It is....否定式He/She/It is not....

疑问句和简略答语

Am I ....?

Yes,you are./No,I you are not.

Are you....?

Yes,I am./No,I am not.

(二)There be结构

"There is/are+某物/某人+某地/某时"这样一种句型,大致相当于汉语"某地/某时有某物/某人"的说法.句子的is/are和后面所跟的名词在数方面必须是一致.

肯定式:There is(Theres)a table in your room.

There are(Therere)some pencils on the desk.

否定式:There is not(There isnt)any cats here.

There are not(arent)any cats here.

疑问式和简略答语

Is there a ruler in your bag?

Yes,there is./No,there is not(isnt).

Are there any people in that house?

Yes,there are./No,there are not(arent).

How many kites are there in the sky?

There are thirteen.

二、句子的种类(Kinds of Sentences)

英语的句子按照用途可分为以下四类:

陈述句 用途是用来说明事实或说话人的看法 例句:I can see a map on the wall.

I think its his.

疑问句 用途是用来提出问题. 例句:Are you Mr Green?

Can you find it ? How old are you?

祈使句 用途是用来表示请求和命令. 例句: Sstand up.Come in,please.

Lets play games.

感叹句 用途是用来表达强烈的感情. 例句:What a fine day it is!

How beautiful the flowers are!

三、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句

一般疑问句子和特殊疑问句

一般疑问句(General Question)一般是指用Yes或No回答的疑问句。

例如：Is she at school today? Yes,she is/No,she isnt.

Can you see a pencile on the desk? Yes,I can./No,I cant.

Do you play football? Yes,they do./No,they dont.

特殊疑问句是以特殊疑问词开头的疑问句.

1.as…as…常构成一些词组：assoonas…(一旦…就…),aswellas…(同样),as+形容词/副词+aspossible(尽可能……地)。如：PleaseringmeupassoonasyougettoBeijing.(请你一到北京就给我写信。)/MissGaohurriedtotheschoolgateasquicklyaspossible.(高小姐尽快地赶到了校门口。)

[注释]"aslong/muchas+名词"可以表示"长达/多达…"的含义。如：Thehousecostsasmuchasfivehundredthousandyuan.(那幢房子花费高达50万元。)/Theystayedinthecave(山洞)aslongastwoweeks.(他们呆在山洞里长达两周。)

2.later、after、ago、before的用法：①"一段时间+later/ago"分别表示"(多久)以后/以前",主要用于过去时态。②"after/before+某个时刻"分别表示"在某时刻之后/之前",此时两个词是介词。③ago与before：ago只能用于过去时,before用于完成时。如：Hehadanaccidentaweekago.(一周前出了一个事故)/Someyearslater,theboybecameaveryfamoussinger.(数年后这个男孩成了著名的歌唱家)/Haveyoubeentherebefore?(你从前到过那儿吗？)/Afterafewyearshegaveupsmoking.(过了几年他戒了烟。)

3.above、below、over、under的用法：在上下方用above和below,在高低处用over和under.如：Thestarsarehighaboveinthesky.(星星高挂在空中)/Aplaneflewoverquickly.(一架飞机从头顶飞过。)

当above、below、over、under是介词性质时,意义相似。

4.too、also、either、nor的用法：too("也")用于肯定句和疑问句的末尾,且用逗号隔开；also("也")用于肯定句句子谓语动词之前；either("也")用于否定句末尾,也用逗号隔开；nor("也不")用于倒装句句首；如：AreyouAmerican,too?(你也是美国人吗？)/HeisnothappyandIamnothappy,either.(他不愉快,我也不。)/Hedidntwatchthefootballgame.NordidI.(他没有看足球赛,我也没有。)/Youcanalsofindthemarketisverygood.(你还可以发觉那个市场很好。)

5.enough、too、so、very、quite、verymuch的用法：enough("足够,十分")放在形容词或副词之后；too("太")、very("非常")、quite("相当")、so("如此地")等放在形容词或副词之前,verymuch("非常")放在动词之后。如：Itstoo/so/very/quiteexpensive.(它太贵/那么贵/非常贵/相当贵。)/Idontlikesweetsverymuch.(我不很喜欢糖果)

[注意]very与much的区别：very修饰形容词、副词的原级和现在分词形容词,much修饰形容词和副词的比较级；much还可以修饰疑问句和否定句中的动词,very不可以。如：Heisverystupid.(他很笨)/Thefilmwasverymovingandeveryoneswept.(电影非常动人,大家都哭了)/Youmustworkmuchharderoryouwillfailtoenterthegoodschool.(你得学习更努力,不然你考不进那所好学校)/Idontlikehimmuch.(我不太喜欢他)

6.sometimes、sometime、sometimes、sometime的用法：sometimes(有时)用于一般现在时、sometime(在将来某时)用于将来时、sometimes(数次)表示次数、sometime(一些时间)表示一段时间。如：Sometimestheygohikinginthemountains.(他们有时徒步旅行到山里去)/Iwillstayheresometime.(我会在这儿呆些时候的。)/Iwillmeetyourfathersometime.(我什么时候要见见你的父亲。)

7.how、what用于感叹句的用法：对句子中的形容词或副词感叹时用how,对人或事物(可能含有形容词作修饰语)进行感叹用what.如：Whatafineday(itis)today!(今天天气真好！)/Howdifficult(theproblemis)!((问题)真难呀！)

8.already、yet的用法：在完成时中,already一般用于肯定句,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句。如：Haveyoudoneitalready?(你已经做好了？)/Ihavenothadmybreakfastyet.(我还没有吃早饭呢。)

9.hard与hardly的用法：hard作为副词意思是："努力地,猛烈地",hardly是否定词,意思是："几乎不",一般与情态动词can/could连用。如：TheystudyEnglishveryhard.(他们英语学得很刻苦)/Youcanhardlyseeapersonspitinapublicplace.(在公共场所你几乎看不到一个人随地吐痰)

10.like...verymuch、like...better(=prefer)、like...best的用法：三个短语分别表示"非常喜欢"、"更喜欢"、"最喜欢"。如：Ilikebaseballverymuch.(我非常喜欢棒球)/Doyoulikebutterbetterthancheese?(/Theylikehamburgersbest.

11."quite/what+a+形容词+名词"的用法：记住：①quite/such/what...+a+形容词+名词;②too/so/how+形容词+a+名词;③rather+a+形容词+名词=a+rather+形容词+名词。如：Ihaveneverseensuchastrangeguy(家伙).(我从未见过这样奇怪的家伙)/Itisquiteanicedayforawalk.(这真是散步的好日子)

12.how的几个短语：howoften"多常,每隔多久",用于一般时态,对表示频度的词语进行提问；howsoon"多久以后",用于将来时态；howlong"多久",用于过去时、完成时或其他时态；howmanytimes"多少次",用于过去时或完成时,对总计次数进行提问；howmuch"多么,多少",对程度进行提问,也可以对数量(不可数)或金钱进行提问。如：Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?(你这样已经多久了？)/Howoftendoeshewashhisface?(他每隔多久洗一次脸？)

13.much、more与most的用法：这三个词除了是形容词作名词的修饰语之外,还是程度副词,much表示"很",修饰原级形/副,more表示"更"用来构成多音节形/副的比较级,most表示"最"用来构成多音节形/副的最高级。此外,much也可以修饰比较级形/副。如：Thisparkismuchmorebeautifulthanthatone.(这个公园比那个漂亮多了)/ItisthemostinstructivefilmIhaveeverseen.(这是我看过的最有教育意义的电影)

14.nomore、nolonger、not...anymore、no...anylonger的用法：表示时间,可以用nolonger、not...nymore、no...anylonger,而且nolonger只能放在谓语动词之前；表示程度,可以用nomore、not...anymore.如：Henolongerlivedthere.(他不再住在那里)/Tomwantednomorecakes.(他不想再要蛋糕)/Hedidntsmokeanymore/longer.(他不再抽烟)

15.被动语态中,方式副词一般放在be与谓语动词之间。如：Therunnerwasbadlyhurt.(赛跑运动员受了重伤)/Englishiswidelyspokenintheworldtoday.(如今世界上英语说得很广泛)

16.too...to...与so...that...的问题：副词too/so后面跟形容词或副词,to后面跟动词,that后面跟从句。Too...to...("太.……以致不……")是否定的结构,用于简单句；so...that...("如此…以致…")是肯定结构,用于复合句。如：Thechildistooyoungtojointhearmy.(这孩子年龄太小还不能参军)/Heissostrongthathecanlifttheheavybox.(他这么强壮,搬得动那个重箱子。)

17.既是形容词也是副词的单词有：early,late,long,last,next,first,near,enough,much,all,hard,alone,fast,slow,high,low,straight等等。如：Itwasalongholiday.(那是个长假)/Hestayedthereverylong.(他在那儿呆了好久)/Thinkhardthenyouwillfindaway.(好好想你就会找到办法)/Heisaveryhard(难对付的)person.(他是个难玩的家伙)

18.farther与further的用法区别：表示地点、方向或距离时两个词同义,意思为"更远、较远",但是further还表示"更多、进一步、额外"等意思,此时不能换为farther.如：Theydecidedtogofarther/furtherthenextday.(他们决定第二天走得再远些)/Thisproblemwillbefurtherdiscussed.(这个问题还要进一步讨论)/Everyoneofthemhadtheirfurtherstudiesaftertheyleftcollege.(他们每个人大学毕业后继续进修)

19.rather与quite的用法区别：同very一样,两个词都表示形容词或副词的程度,quite表示"不到最高程度但是比预料的好",rather比quite更接近very的含义,含有令人惊讶的意思。见下图对"nice"程度的描绘：

notnice(fairly)nicequiteniceratherniceverynice

如：Itsquiteanicefilm.(这是部好片子)。(可能意味着不是一部最好的电影)/Itsratheranicefilm.(这是部很不错的电影。)(意味着比大多数电影都好)

[注意]注意quite与rather后面的次序词序。

20.maybe、possibly、perhaps的区别：maybe"可能、也许",比另外两个词更不正式、更随便、可能性不大；possibly"可能地、或者、也许",可能性较大,在否定句和疑问句中表示"无论如何"；perhaps"可能",较为常用而且正式,可能性也不大。如：Youcouldputitoverthere,maybe.(也许你可以把它放在那边)/Icouldntpossiblyhavefinishedsuchalongbookinsuchashorttime.(我不可能在这么短的时间内完成这么长的一本书)/Ithoughtperhapsitwastheletteryouhavebeenexpecting.(我以为那也许就是你期盼的信件)

21.most、mostly的区别：most作为形容词和名词时意思是"大多数的、大部分的",作为副词时意思为"最,十分、很"；mostly仅为副词,意思为"主要地、多半地、大部分地"。如：IwasathomemostofthetimewhenIwasfree.(我有空时大部分时间都在家)Mostchildrenarenaughty.(大部分的孩子都淘气)/Thisisthemostexcitingpartofthefilm.(这是电影中最令人兴奋的部分)/SheismostlyoutonSundays.(星期天她一般不在家)

22.(be)worth、(be)worthyof的区别：worth一般被看作是介词,后面接名词或者动名词,用主动表示被动含义,还可以用副词well修饰；worthyof表示"值得的、配得上的",后面跟动名词的被动形式。如：Whatisworthdoingatallisworthdoingwell(凡是值得做的,就值得好好去做)./Thehouseisworth￥300,000.(房子价值30万元)/Thisbookiswellworthreadingseveraltimes.(这本书值得好好读几遍)/Itisathingworthyofbeingseen.(这是一个值得看的东西)

23.almost、nearly的区别：两个词意思相近,都表示"几乎、将近",大多数情况下可以互换,与否定词连用时用almost不用nearly.almostno相当于hardlyany(几乎没有)。如：Hehaddonealmostnothingtoday.(他今天几乎没有干什么)/Wearealmost/nearlythere.(我们几乎就到那里了)/Almostnobody/Hardlyanybodyunderstoodhiswords.(几乎没有人懂他的话)

24.abit与alittle的区别：这两个名词短语经常当作副词使用,修饰形容词或副词的原级或比较级,可以互换,语气比rather弱。如：Thisdigitalcameraisabit(alittle)expensive.(这台数码相机有点贵)/Itisalittle(abit)colderthanyesterday.(今天比昨天冷了点)

另外,alittle可以直接加不可数名词,abit则采用"abit+of+名词(不可数或可数名词复数)"的形式。如：Ihavegotabitofacold.(我有点感冒)/Goandgetalittlewaterforme,please.(请你去给我搞点水来)

[注意]notabit(=notatall)意为"根本不",而notalittle则意为"非常,不是一点"。

1.SheusedtobeaChineseteacher.她过去是一位汉语老师。

[用法]usedto+动词原形，表示过去经常性的动作或存在的状态，含有现在不再如此之意。

[搭配]usedtodo的否定式可以是usednttodo或didntusetodo.

[比较]usedtodosth.过去常做某事；be/getusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事；beusedtodosth.被用来做某事。

2.…returnitsoonerorlater.

……迟早要将它归还。

[用法]l)soonerorlater意为"迟早"、"早晚"。

2)return此处用作及物动词，意为"归还"，相当于giveback.

[拓展]return还可用作不及物动词，意为"返回"，相当于goback或comeback。

3.Nomatterwhattheweatherislike…无论天气……

[用法]nomatterwhat相当于whatever，其意为"无论什么"，引导状语从句。

[拓展]类似nomatterwhat的表达方式还有：

nomatterwhen无论什么时候

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nomatterwhere无论什么地方

nomatterwho无论谁

nomatterhow无论怎么样

4.AyoungmanpractisedspeakingEnglishwithMr.Green.

一位年经人与格林先生练习讲英语。

[用法]practisedoingsth.表示"实践、练习（做）某事"。

[拓展]practice名词，"实践"、"实施"、"练习"；putaplanintopractice实行某计划。

5.Heencouragedeveryonetotakepartinprotectingourlakes,rivers,seasandoceans.

他鼓励大家参加保护我们的湖泊、河流和海洋的活动。

[用法]1)encourage用作动词，意思是"鼓励"、"支持"。

2)takepartin"参加"，常表示参加活动。

3)protect是动词，表示"防御"、"保护"。

[搭配]1)encouragesb.insth.在某事上鼓励或支持某人

nbsp;encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人干某事

2)protectsh.fromsth.使某人不受某事侵袭或伤害

6.…towarnpeopleaboutsharksinthewater.……警告人们当心水里的鲨鱼。

[用法]warn用作动词，意思是"警告"、"警戒"。

[搭配]1)warnsb.+that从句

2)warnsb.ofsth.警告某人某事

3)warnsb.todosth.告诫某人做某事

4)warnsb.against(doing)sth.告诫某人当心某事/不要做某事

一般疑问句

句型［特殊定式动词+主语+（not）谓语+其他］

1."Areyougoingwithus?"-"Yes,Im."

2."Haveyouhadanynewsofyourhorsethismorning?"-"Yes,hesfitasafiddle."

3."Doyoulikeyourhouse?"-"Oh,fearfully.Wontyoucomeandseeit?"

4.Canyounot(=cantyou)walkalittlefaster?

5.Oughtwenot(=Oughtntwe)togivehimachancetotry?

句型94［Do(does,did)+主语+（not）谓语+其他］

1.DoyouhappentoknowMr.Coopersaddress?2.Didyouhaveagoodtime?

3."DoesthisbustakemetoOxfordCircus?"-"Yes,geton,please."

[注]要注意对否定句的回答与汉语习惯不同，如：1.Didntyouspeaktohimyesterday?No,Ididnt.Yes,Idid.

2.ArentyouoftheHannationality?Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.

反义疑问句

句型［陈述句（肯定），+特殊定式动词（否定）+主语］

1."YoustudyEnglish,dontyou?"-"Yes,wedo."

2."Theyhavedecidednottogo,haventthey?""Yes,theyhave."

3.Youlikeit,dontyou?4.Hesready,isnthe?

句型［陈述句（否定），+特殊定式动词（肯定）+主语］

1."Youwontbeawayforlong,willyou?"-"No,Illbebackinanhourorso."

2."…IthinkIllgointothegreenline.Youcouldntgivemeahelpinghand,couldyou,Mr.Snape?"

3."IdliketogotoCentralAustraliawithyou….youhaveneverbeenoutofEngland,haveyou?"

4."Hedoesntknowanythingaboutit,doeshe?"-"No,hedoesnt.

特指疑问句

句型［疑问词（主语）+系词+表语］/［疑问词（定语）+主语+行为动词+宾语］

1.Whoisthere?2.WhogivesyourEnglishlessons?3.Whatisinthebox?4.Whichismine?

5.Whosebookisonthedesk?6.Howmanystudentsworkintheworkshop?

7.Whatnewproductshavebeenturnedoutinthatfactory?

句型疑问词(表语/宾语/状语)+特殊定式动词+主语+行为动词…］

1.Whoishe?2.Whatishe?3.Whatishelike?4.Whatisitlike?5.Whatkindofmanishe?

6.Whatdayistoday?7.Whatsthedatetoday?8.Whattimeisitnow?9.Howdoyoudo?

10.Howareyougettingalong?(=howgoesitwithyou?=howislife?=howiseverythingwithyou?

11.Howisyourhealth?12.Howdoyoufeel?13.Whatsmatterwithyou?

14.Whereareyougoing?15.Wheredoyoucomefrom?16.Whereareyoufrom?

17.Whatsyournationality,please?18.Whatfamilyareyoufrom?

句型［疑问词+intheworld/onearth/thedevil/thedeuce/ever等强调词语+其他］

1."WhatthedeuceshallIwriteabout?"-Hethought.2.Whatintheworlddoyoumean?

3.Whoonearth(intheworld)toldyouthat?4.Whothedevilishe?

5.Whatthedeuceisthematter?6.Whatthedickensisit?7.Whoeverwantsthis?

选择疑问句

句型［一般疑问句+or+一般疑问句］

1.Shallwecometoseeyouorwillyoucometoseeus?

2.AreyoufromtheSouthorfromtheNorth?3.WillhegoonMondayoronTuesday?

4.Didyouspeaktothem,ordidthemanager?5.Wheresthebank?ShouldIgothiswayorthatway?

句型［特指疑问句，+AorB?］

1."Whatwouldyoulike,ChineseorEuropeanfood?"-"Idontmindonewayortheother."

2.Whichwouldyouratherhave-steakorfish?3.Whowillbeyourteacher,Mr.BrownorMr.Cooper?

4.Wheredidyouspendyourleave:inShanghaiorinHangzhou?

5.Whenwillhegothere,tomorroworsomeotherday?

间接疑问句

句型［适当的主语+疑问关联词+从句(正常语序)］

1.Idliketoknowhowoldyouare.2.Heinquiredhowitwasdone.

3."GuesshowoldIam."-"Idsayyoureabouttwenty-three."4.Iaskyouwhatyouwant.

5.PleaseadvisemewhichbookIshouldreadfirst.6.Tellmewhyitissoimportant.

句型［适当的主语+if/whether+从句(正常语序)］

1.Isometimesaskmyselfthequestionwhetheritwasworththeeffort.

2.Iaskyouwhetheritistrueornot.3.SheaskedifIhadslept.4.Tellmewhetheryoulikeit.

5.Hevisitedusnextdayandaskedifwehadgothomesafe.6.Sheinquiredifhelikedthepost.

双重疑问句

句型一般疑问句+疑问关联词+从句(正常语序)］

1.Canyoutellmewherehehasgone?2.Haveyouanyideawherehelives?

3.MayIaskyouthenwhatyouwouldadvisemetodo?4.Doyouknowwholiveshere?

5.Doyouknowwhenhewasborn?

句型［疑问词+doyouthink/didyousay/canyouguess/doyousuppose+其他（正常语序)］

1.Whatwillbetheresult,doyouthink?

2."Howoldwereyouthen,Clyde,didyousay?""Betweenseventeenandeighteen."

3.Whendoyouthinkthemeetingwillbeheld?

4.Howmanybooks,canyouguess,didhebuytheotherday?

5.Whatdoyousupposeheshangingaroundhere?

修辞疑问句

句型［陈述句（肯定）+反问句（肯定）］

1.Wereoldfriends,notstrangers,right?2.Soyouvebeenabroad,haveyou?

3.Shesasweetlittlegirl,isshe?

4.Thelandreformhasjustreachedthestageofdecidingeveryonesclassstatus,soyoucomesuckingaround,doyou?

句型［疑问词+should+主语+动词原形+其他］

1.WhoshouldIseebutmyownbrother?2.Whoshouldtherebe?

3.Whyshouldthedoorbelocked?4.Who/WhomshouldIseeinthecourtyardbutMr.Smith?

5. "WhereisJane?"-"HowshouldIknow?"6.Whyshouldhebeangrywithme?

句型［Oh,/So+陈述句+反问句］

1.Oh,hesherenow,ishe?2.Oh,youtoldhimallaboutit,didyou?

3.Soyouvetheluggagetakentothestation,haveyou?

4.Soyouregoingabroad,areyou?

回响疑问句

句型［A:陈述句+B:疑问句（重复A句中的部分）］

1.A:Ididntlikethatmeal.B:Youdidntlikeit?（怀疑）

2."Imtired."-"Areyou?"（怀疑）3.A:TheBrownsareemigrating.B:Emigrating?（惊讶）

4.A:Itcostsixtydollars.B:Howmuchdiditcost?（惊讶）

5.A:Switchthelightoff,please.Ｂ:Switchthelightoff,yousay?/Switchwhatoff?（反对）

句型［A:疑问句+B:重述性疑问句］

1.A:Whatdoyouthinkofthepicture?B:WhatdoIthinkofit?（怀疑）

2.A:Howdidyouenjoythecarnival?B:HowdidIenjoywhat?（要求）

3.A:Howdidyouenjoyyourholidays?B:HowdidIenjoymyholidays?（考虑回答）

4.A:Haveyouborrowedmypen?B:(HaveI)Borrowedyourpen?（反驳）

陈述式疑问句

句型［任何陈述形式的疑问句（词序不变）］

1.Myfriendshere?2.Youwouldntseemeleftherealone?

3."Youfollowedus,then?"-"Whatsthattoyou?..."saidJones,"Gotothedevil!"

4.Atwomilliondollarbuilding,youcanttouchthewalls?

5."Youarenotill?"wasthequestionput,"Alittlesick,"repliedMissKeldar.

句型［…疑问词（在剧中任何位置上）］

1."Youusethatpositionasafavoritetoinsultagentleman."-"Toinsultawhat?"saidSteerforth.

2.Fivetimeswhatnumbermakestwenty?

3.Iaskedthecarrier,"Arewegoingallthewaythere?"-"Allthewaywhere?"askedthecarrier

4.Youretwenty-what(odd)thisyear?5.Hesyourwho?6.Yourwhoisasteel-worker?

7.Howoldachildcoulddrawthis?8.Heisyoursonofwhatnumber?

1.一般否定句

句型1［主语+特殊定式动词+not+行为动词或表语+其他］

1.Chinaoftodayisnotwhatitwasthirtyyearsago.

2."IsntthatTeddyThomsonout?"-"Ithinkitshim,butIcantbeahundredpercentsure."

3."Oh,sir,hecanthavesaidsuchathing!Hecanthavespokenlikethattoyou,sir!"

4.WemustnotwaitforfavorsfromNature;wemusttakethemfromher.

5.Ihaventfinishedthebookyet.6.Moneycouldnotbuyhappiness.

[注1]Heisnofool.Greatbarkersarenobiters.

[注2]二十四个特殊定式动词：

句型2［主语+do(does,did)+not+行为动词+其他］

1.Sorrowdoesntbuybread.2.Puregolddoesnotdreadfire.

3."WhyisMr.Coopersoangrytoday?"-"Idontknowwhy."

4."Theydidnotstealsomuch."-"Idontcarehowmuch."Hesaid,"…Athiefisathief."

句型3［主语+行为动词+no/not+宾语+其他］

1.Arollingstonegathersnomoss.

2.Viola,hearingthis,knewnothowtobehave,norhowtoanswerher.

3.Iknownotwhatcourseothersmaytake,but,asforme,givemelibertyorgivemedeath!

4.Wearefleet-wingedmenatarms;wefearnotmountainshighorriversdeep.

句型4［Therebe+no/not/notany+主语(+状语)］

1.Therewasnowellinthevillageatthattime.

2.OliverTwistwasborninaworkhouse…Therewerenoaunts,nosisters,nocousins,nograndmothers.

3.Thereisnotamomenttobelost.4.Thereisnoholdingbackthewheelofhistory

[附注]一般否定句的其他表达方式：

1.Whoknowsit?(=Nooneknowsit.)Darehedoit?(=Hedarenotdoit.)

2.Godonlyknows!(=Nooneknows.)AsifIwouldallowit!(=Iwouldcertainlynotallowit.)

3.Catchmedoingthat!

4.IfIdoIamavillain.(=Iwillnotdo.)Dothatagainifyoudare.

5.InHeaven,anangelisnobodyinparticular.Theyshunpersonalfameandgains.

6.Thecityandtheareasarounditareanice-freeportandanuclearweapon-freezone.Thebuildingisinastateofneglect.

7.Shestoodstill,tryingwinly(invain)toanswerthebatteryofquestionsraisedbythereporters.

8.Idisliketheideaverymuch.Mr.Whitehasrefrainedfrommakinganyofficialcommentonthecoupinthatcountry.Yesterdayshefailedtogettoschoolontime.Theevidenceisconclusive,excludingallpossibilitiesofdoubt.Theyexcludedchildren(from)gettingin.Wellforeverliveuptowhatthepartyexpectsofus.Avoidoperatingthekeysroughly.Shewasrefusedadmittancebythem.

9.Slipsarescarcelyavoidablewhenyourenewtoyourwork.Heisignorantofconditionsatthelevels.OurPLAisworthyofbeingcalledagreatarmypfthepeople.

10.Themeetingsweremarkedbysuchanabsenceoflivelydiscussionsthatattimestheywerealmostonthepointofbreakingup.LeiFengsnobledeedsareaboveallpraise.Todothisisbeyondmyability.Heisoutoftheoffice.(=Heisnotintheoffice.)TomisawayfromCambridge.(=TomisnotatCambridge.)Itisfarfromperfect.Thatservedtostrengtheninsteadofweakenourdetermination(or:Thatstrengthened,ratherthanweakened,ourdetermination.)Thetruthisquiteotherthanwhatyouthink.Iknowbetterthantoquarrel.

2.特指否定句

句型5［…not+非谓语成分…］

1.Notasoulwasanywherevisible.2.Youmustalwaysremembernottobecomeconceited.

3.Theteachertoldhispupilsnottomakesuchamistakeagain.

4.Iwenttoseehimoff,nottomeethim.5.Wefeltsorryfornotcomingontime

句型6［主语+否定式谓语+(宾语)+状语或从句(被否定部分)］

1.Idontthinkitisrighttomakesuchhastydecision.2.Imnotfeelingverywelltoday.

3.Idontbelievethathewillcometomorrow.

4.Youcantjudgeathingonlybyitslooks.

5.HesstudyingEnglishnow,buthedoesntspeakEnglishverywellyet.

6.Peopledidnotshakeoffcolonialistsyokeinordertoputonhegemonistsyoke.

7.DontthinkillofmebecauseIuseherhelp.Shegivesitcheerfullyasyousee…

表示“据说”的三类被动句型

(1)Itissaidthat…句式

Itissaidthathonestyisthebestpolicy.人们说诚实是上策。

Itissaidthatthirteenisanunluckynumber.据说13是一个不吉利的数字。

Itissaidthatthosewhoeatthemostaretheleasthealthy.据说吃得最多的人身体最差。

注：其他类似结构还有：

It’ssupposedtobeverygood.据说它质量很好。

It’sexpectedthatthewarwouldendsoon.预计战争不久即可结束。

Itisreportedthatanotherearthsatellitehasbeenputintoorbit.据报道又有一颗卫星上天了。

(2)Thereissaidthat…句式

Thereissaidtobeplentyofoiloffourcoast.据信我们近海有大量石油。

注：其他类似表达还有：

Thereissupposedtobeatrainat9:30.九点半应有一班火车。

Thereareknowntobethousandsofdifferentspeciesofbeetles.据了解，有成千上万种不同的甲虫。

(3)sb/sthissaidthat…句式：其意为“据说”，

Mr.Brownissaidtohavediedoflivercancer.据说布朗先生死于肝癌。

注：其他类似表达还有：

Thestrikeisexpectedtoendsoon.估计罢工不久就可结束。

Heisbelievedtohavealreadygotoutofthecountry.据信他已离开这个国家。