初中英语常用句型结构【实用20篇】

部分否定句

句型7［All,every等总括词…not+谓语动词…］

1.Allisnotgoldthatglitters.2.Allisnotlostthatisinperil.

3.Andyetalldidnotgosmoothlybetweenthem,fortheyoungerman…hadhisheartsetonNewYork.

4.Idontlikebothofthenovels.5.Everyonecannotmakemusic.

6.Everybody,itistrue,wouldntlikeit.7.Suchathingisnotfoundeverywhere.

8.Thegoodandthebeautifuldonotalwaysgotogether.

9.Amanoflearningisnotalwaysamanofwisdom.10.Idontwhollyagree.

[注]Somepeoplelikethatsortofthing;Somedont.

全体否定句

句型8［no,none等否定词…+肯定式谓语+其他］

1.Everybodytalksabouttheweather,butnobodydoesanythingaboutit.

2.Notrickerycanfoolus.3.Noneofmyfriendssmoke.

4.Icouldrememberneitherthenameoftheauthornorthetitleofthebook.

5.Nothingintheworldisdifficultforonewhosetshismindtoit.

6.Thebookwasnowheretobefound.7.Neitherofthesistersishere.

8.Neverhavewebeendauntedbydifficulties.

句型9［主语+否定式谓语+不定代词或不定副词］

1.Idonotknowanyofthem.2.Ididnotreceiveanylettersyesterday.

3.Idontlikeeitherofthenovels.4.Justicemustnotbedeniedtoanyone.

5.Didyougoanywhereyesterday?-No,Ididntgoanywhereyesterday.

6.AnyhowIshallnotgotoday.

[注]不可说"anybodycannotdoit."只能说"nobodycandoit."

句型10［All等概括词+肯定式谓语+含否定意义的单词…］

1.Allgermsareinvisibletothenakedeye.2.Allhisplanscametonothing.

3.Bothvisitorsareunwelcome.4.Everyplanmadebyhimisimpossibleofexecution.

5.WealldisbelieveintheexistenceofGod.6.Theirquarrelsarealwaysinterminable.

固定结构：

1.keepdoing

2.keep/carryondoing

3.keepsb.Doing

4.enjoydoing(Heenjoysnothingbutplayingthecomputer.)

5.finishdoing

6.beafraidofdoing

7.beworthdoing

8.bebusydoing

9.be/get/becomeusedtodoing(Weareusedtolivinginthecountryside.)

10.dislikedoing(Shedislikesdoinghousework.)

11.howaboutdoing//whataboutdoing

12.spendsometime(in)doing

13.spendsomemoney(in)buying

14.feellikedoing

15.stop/keep/prevent…fromdoing

16.thankyoufordoing

17.thanksfordoing

18.dosomecooking/cleaning/reading/shopping/washing

19.goswimming/fishing/shopping/skating/boating

20.minddoing

21.preferdoing…todoing…

22.prACTise(prACTice)doing(HeprACTicesspeakingEnglisheveryday.)

23.canthelpdoing

24.havefun/difficulty/trouble/problemdoingsth.

25.wastetime/moneydoing

26.insteadofdoing

27.missdoing

28.lookforwardtodoing期望(渴望)做某事

(Imlookingforwardtogettingyourletter.)

1.Therebe结构

a.这是英语中常见的一种结构，表示“某地有某物”其含义为“存在有”。

eg.Therearetwentygirlsinourclass.have也解释为“有”但是与therebe有区别，它的含义是“所有，属有”，其主语为某人。eg.Ihaveanicewatch.

b.Therebe结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致。

c.Thereisarivernearourschool.

否：Thereisnotarivernearourschool.

问：Istherearivernearourschool.

回答：Yes,thereis.No,thereisn’t.

划⑴Howmanyriversaretherenearourschool?

⑵What’snearourschool?

d.therebe结构的一般将来时，同学们较难掌握，其正确形式为：thereisgoingtobe

e.反意疑问句的构成：Thereisnowaterintheglass,isthere?

①Thereisgoingto_____afootballmatchthisafternoon.

A.haveB.watchC.beD.play

②Theyweresurethattheyweregoingto____arest.

A.beB.haveC.beonD.on

2.so,neither引导的倒装句,为了避免和前一句话的内容重复，英语中习惯用so,neither引导的倒装句。

a.So+be(助动词，情态动词)+主语。表示某人也是如此。

eg.Mikehasboughtsomeforeignstamps.

SohasBob.=Bobhasboughtsome,too.

b.Neither+be(助动词，情态动词)＋主语，表示某人也不。

eg.MotherhasneverbeentoJapan.

NeitherhasFather.=FatherhasneverbeentoJapan,either.

c.So＋主语＋be(助动词，情态动词)。表示果真如此(赞同),请同学们与a.区别。

eg.A:Mikeisrightintheclassroom.

B:Soheis.=Heisreallyintheclassroom.

3.It’s+时间+since动词过去式。自从...起已有...时间了。

⑴It’stwoweekssincewemetlast.(自从我们上次见面已有两个星期了)

⑵HowlongisitsinceweleftBeijing?(自从我们离开北京已有多久了

4.祈使句+and(那么)...

eg.Gostraightonandyou’llseeaschool.=Ifyougostraighton,you’llseeaschool.

5.祈使句+or...否则...

eg.Workhard,oryouwillfallbehindtheotherstudents.

=Ifyoudon’tworkhard,you’llfallbehindtheother.

6.The+比较级...，the+比较级...越...越...

eg.⑴Themore,thebetter.越多越好。

⑵Theharderyouworkonit,thebetteryou’llbeatit.(你越用功，你就越好。)

7.Howdoyoulikethefilm?=Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?(你认为这部电影怎样？)

8.What...dowith...?怎样对付...?怎样处理...?

虽然中文为怎样，我们绝不可照字面翻译为how.

eg.A:Whathaveyoudonewiththelibrarybook?

B:I’vejustreturnedittothelibrary.

9.Idon’tknowwhattodo.我不知道该怎么办？

Idon’tknowhowtodo.×10.What...belike?...是什么样的？

eg.⑴What’stheweatherlike?天气如何？

⑵What’syourschoollike?你们学校是什么样的？

11.What...for?为何目的？为什么？

eg.Whatdoyouwantasciencelabfor?=Whydoyouwantasciencelab?

12.oneof+最高级＋复数最...之一

eg.MissZhaoisoneofthemostpopularteachers.

13.findit+形容词+todo

eg.IfinditusefultolearnEnglishwell.(我发觉学好英语是很有用的)

find+宾语+名词eg.Ifindhimagoodboy.(我发现他是个好男孩.)

find+宾语+形容词eg.Ifindthedooropen/closed.(我发现门开/关着)

Ifindourbagsfilledwith/fullofpresents.(我发现我们的包装满了礼物)

14.Idon’tthink+肯定句我想...不

eg.Idon’tthinkI’lltakeit.(我想我不买它了)

请注意:中文意思否定在从句中,但是英语的表达否定在主句中。

15.preferAtoB=likeAbetterthanB更喜欢A不怎么喜欢B.

eg.Ipreferfishtochicken.=Ilikefishbetterthanchicken

16.hadbetterdosth.最好干某事.

否定:hadbetternotdosth.

特别注意:hadbetter后面跟be动词词组,不可漏掉be.

eg.You’dbettercatchatrain.

You’dbetternottalkinclass.

You’dbetternotbelatefortheclass.

17.Itisgood(nice)of+宾格+todosth.

eg.ItisverygoodofyoutoteachmeEnglish.(你教我英语真是太好了)

18.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.(干某事化费某人多少时间)

=sb.spendsometimeonsth.(in)doingsth.

eg.Ittookmehalfanhourtodothework.=Ispenthalfanhourindoingthework.

19.sb.pay钱for物某物化费了某人多少钱=sb.spend钱on物=物costsb.钱

pay的过去式为paid而不是payed.

eg.Ipaidthirtyyuanforthecoat.

=Ispentthirtyyuanonthecoat.

=Thecoatcostmethirtyyuan.

20.havebeento某人曾去过某地,现在人不在那儿

sb.havebeenin+地点某人呆在某地(一段时间)

havegoneto某人已去某地,人不在这儿

21.⑴too…形容词(副词)+to…"太…而不能""太…以致于不"

eg.①Thebasketistooheavyformetocarry.这篮子太重我拿不动。

②ThiscolourTVistooexpensiveforustobuy.这台彩电对我们来说太贵了，买不起。

⑵so...that如此...以致于...

上面的too...to结构的句子，可以换成so...that引导的句子转换。

①ThebasketissoheavythatIcan’tcarryit.

②ThiscolourTVissoexpensivethatwecan’taffordit.

22.What’sthepopulationof...?...人口有多少？

不说Howmuchpopulationin...?形容人口数量的大用large

eg.ThepopulationofChinaistentimesaslargeasthatoftheUSA

23.I’vecometoreturnyourpan.(我跑来是还你锅的)→Whyhaveyoucome?而不用What

24.not...until(连词)方才，才

eg.Hesaysthathewon’tbefreeuntiltomorrow.他说他需到明天方才有空。

肯定句＋until到

eg.You’dbetterwaituntiltomorrow.(你最好等到明天)

25.neither...nor...既不...也不...

either...or...或者...或者...

eg.NeitherTomnorhisbrothersknowhowtospelltheword"hundred".

Eitheryouorsheisright.(谓语动词就近原则)

both...and...两者都...

eg.BothJimandIareinGradeOne(主语看作复数)

1.Its+形容词+of+sb.+动词不定式

这一句型表示"某人（做某事）……"。常用形容词有：good,kind,nice,polite,clever,foolish,lazy,careful,careless,right,wrong等，来说明"人"的性质或特征。

Itsverykindofyoutohelpme.你能帮助我真是太好了。

Itsfoolishofyoutomakesuchmistake.你真傻啊，竟然犯这种错误。

2.Its+形容词+for+sb.+动词不定式

这一句型表示"做某事对某人来说……"。常用形容词有：difficult,easy,hard,dangerous,safe,useful,pleasant,interesting,impossible等，来说明动词不定式的性质、特征。

Itisimpossibleforachildtoanswerthequestion.小孩子不可能回答出这个问题。

Itsdangerousforyoutoswimalone.你自己一个人去游泳很危险。

3.主语+be动词+形容词+动词不定式

这一句型常用表示感情或情绪的形容词，如：glad,pleased,sorry,sad,thankful等以及表示能力和意志的形容词，如:ready,able,sure,certain等。

Imverysorrytohearthenews.听到这个消息我很难过。

Imgladtoseeyou.见到你我很高兴。

ComradeLeiFengisalwaysreadytohelpothers.雷锋同志总是乐于帮助别人。

Tomissure/certaintocome.汤姆一定会来。

It既是代词又是引词。作代词时，它可作人称代词、指示代词、非人称代词，用于前指、非确指或习语中。作引词时，它本身无实义，只起先行引导的作用。

可作形式主语（itis+adj.+for/ofsb.todosth.）或形式宾语（it+adj.+todosth.），真实地主语或宾语是不定式、动名词或名词从句，它们则放在后面。It也用于强调句结构。

如想强调某个词或部分，可用itis(was)+强调部分（主语、宾语或状语）+that(who)…的强调结构。本章要求了解代词it和引词it的各种用法，重点掌握it用于前指或后指；引词it用于强调结构。

Therebe句型：此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。它其实是全倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be之后，there仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词，而用live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等，但一般不用have。如：

Therestandsahillinthemiddleofthepark.

Onceuponatimetherelivedanoldkinginthetown.

Be与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：

现在有thereis/are…

过去有therewas/were…

将来有therewillbe…；thereis/aregoingtobe...

现在已经有therehas/havebeen…

可能有theremightbe...

肯定有theremustbe…/theremusthavebeen...

过去曾经有thereusedtobe…

似乎有thereseems/seem/seemedtobe…

碰巧有therehappen/happens/happenedtobe…

Once,therelivedanoldfishermaninavillagebythesea.

Theweathermansaysthere’llbeastrongwindintheafternoon.

Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar.

一般现在时的句型结构：

1，肯定句

I/You/We/They/复数名词+动词原形

She/He/It/单数名词/不可数名词/动词不定式todo/动名词doing+动词第三人称单数

Iwanttogotothemoviestonight.

我今晚想去看电影。

Theyalwaysgotoschoolbybikewhenitssunny.

天气晴朗时他们总是骑自行车上学。

Crabshavesurprisinglygoodmemoriesandcanremembertheirwayaroundmazes,researchreveals.

研究显示，螃蟹有着惊人的好记性，它们能记住迷宫里的路线。

Shehasherbreakfastateightandsetsofftoworkateightthirty.

她八点吃早饭，八点半动身上班。

Itdoesnogoodtoyoutorelievethestressbydrinking.

喝酒来减压对你没有好处。

（it是形式主语，todo是真正主语）

Seeingisbelieving.

眼见为实。

Heoftengoestothelibraryandreadsbooks.

注意：动词第三人称单数的变化规则：

1)多数动词的第三人称单数形式加“s”:

want-wantslive-lives2)以“-ss,-sh,-ch,-x,-o”结尾的动词加“es”:

pass-passeswash-washesrelax-relaxesgo-goes3)辅音字母加y结尾的单词，改y为i加“es”:

carry-carriesstudy-studies

4）不规则变化：

have-has

2，否定句

系动词+not；

情态动词+not+动词原形；

助动词do/does+not+动词原形。

Heisnot/isnthappyabouttheexamresult.

他对考试结果不满意。

Itcannot/cant/cannotbehim.Hehasbeenawayfortwoweeks.

不可能是他。他已经离开两个星期了。

Theydomot/dontgotobedbeforetenoclockonweekends.

他们周末十点以前不睡觉。

Itdoesnot/doesntmatterwhetheryougoornot.

3，一般疑问句

系动词+主语+其他成分；助动词，情态动词+主语+动词原形

Doestheduckeatmeat?

鸭子吃肉吗？

Doyoubelievewhathesaid?

你相信他说的话吗？

Canshedrive?

她会开车吗？

MustIreturnthebooksinamonth?

我必须在一个月内还书吗？

IsitFridayorSaturday?

今天是星期五还是星期六？

4，特殊疑问句：

特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

Whydopeoplefallinlove?

为什么人们会坠入爱河？

Wheredoeslifecomefrom?

生命从何而来？

Howdoesthewashingmachinework?

洗衣机是怎么工作的？

HowcanIgettothepark?

我怎么去公园？

如果对主语的疑问，则是

特殊疑问词+陈述句

Whichischeaper?

哪个更便宜？

WhocanspeakEnglish?

谁会说英语？

Whatisbeneficialtoourheart?

什么对我们的心脏有益？

你去不去无关紧要。

现在进行时句型结构：

1.肯定式：主语+am/is/are+doing（现在分词）.

Wearerunningnow..

我们现在正在跑步。

2.否定式：主语+am/is/arenot+doing（现在分词）.

Theyaren’tdoingtheirhomework.

他们现在没有在做作业。

3.一般疑问式：Am/Is/Are+主语+doing（现在分词）+其他？

肯定回答：Yes，主语+am/is/are.

否定回答：No,Imnot/主语+isnt/arent.

IsshehavingEnglishlesson?

她正在上英语课吗？

Yes,sheis.是的。

No,sheisn’t.没有。

4.特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式？

Whatishedoingnow?

他现在正在做什么？

Heisswimming.

他正在游泳。

注：be根据主语来判断用am、is还是are，动词的ing一起做谓语，二者缺一不可。

现在进行时的结构

现在进行时由“am/is/are+现在分词”构成。如：

I’mstudyingatYuCaiSeniorMiddleschool.我在育才中学读书。

Heiswritingonthedesk.他再课桌上写字。

TheyaretalkingabouttheirvisitingtheGreatWall.他们在谈论游长城的事情。

【说明】动词现在分词的构成方法：

(1)一般在动词后加-ing。如：say—saying,play—playing,think—thinking,study—studying,teach—teaching,blow—blowing,build—building.

(2)动词若以-e结尾,则去e再加-ing。如：love—loving,make—making,guide—guiding,date—dating.

(3)在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ing。如：begin—beginning,regret—regretting,plan—planning,ban—banning.

(4)在以ie结尾的动词后，改ie为y，再加-ing。如：lie—lying,die—dying,tie—tying.

(5)在以-c[k]结尾的动词后加-king。如：picnic—picnicking,panic—panicking.

一般疑问句

句型［特殊定式动词+主语+（not）谓语+其他］

1."Areyougoingwithus?"-"Yes,Im."

2."Haveyouhadanynewsofyourhorsethismorning?"-"Yes,hesfitasafiddle."

3."Doyoulikeyourhouse?"-"Oh,fearfully.Wontyoucomeandseeit?"

4.Canyounot(=cantyou)walkalittlefaster?

5.Oughtwenot(=Oughtntwe)togivehimachancetotry?

句型94［Do(does,did)+主语+（not）谓语+其他］

1.DoyouhappentoknowMr.Coopersaddress?2.Didyouhaveagoodtime?

3."DoesthisbustakemetoOxfordCircus?"-"Yes,geton,please."

[注]要注意对否定句的回答与汉语习惯不同，如：1.Didntyouspeaktohimyesterday?No,Ididnt.Yes,Idid.

2.ArentyouoftheHannationality?Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.

反义疑问句

句型［陈述句（肯定），+特殊定式动词（否定）+主语］

1."YoustudyEnglish,dontyou?"-"Yes,wedo."

2."Theyhavedecidednottogo,haventthey?""Yes,theyhave."

3.Youlikeit,dontyou?4.Hesready,isnthe?

句型［陈述句（否定），+特殊定式动词（肯定）+主语］

1."Youwontbeawayforlong,willyou?"-"No,Illbebackinanhourorso."

2."…IthinkIllgointothegreenline.Youcouldntgivemeahelpinghand,couldyou,Mr.Snape?"

3."IdliketogotoCentralAustraliawithyou….youhaveneverbeenoutofEngland,haveyou?"

4."Hedoesntknowanythingaboutit,doeshe?"-"No,hedoesnt.

特指疑问句

句型［疑问词（主语）+系词+表语］/［疑问词（定语）+主语+行为动词+宾语］

1.Whoisthere?2.WhogivesyourEnglishlessons?3.Whatisinthebox?4.Whichismine?

5.Whosebookisonthedesk?6.Howmanystudentsworkintheworkshop?

7.Whatnewproductshavebeenturnedoutinthatfactory?

句型疑问词(表语/宾语/状语)+特殊定式动词+主语+行为动词…］

1.Whoishe?2.Whatishe?3.Whatishelike?4.Whatisitlike?5.Whatkindofmanishe?

6.Whatdayistoday?7.Whatsthedatetoday?8.Whattimeisitnow?9.Howdoyoudo?

10.Howareyougettingalong?(=howgoesitwithyou?=howislife?=howiseverythingwithyou?

11.Howisyourhealth?12.Howdoyoufeel?13.Whatsmatterwithyou?

14.Whereareyougoing?15.Wheredoyoucomefrom?16.Whereareyoufrom?

17.Whatsyournationality,please?18.Whatfamilyareyoufrom?

句型［疑问词+intheworld/onearth/thedevil/thedeuce/ever等强调词语+其他］

1."WhatthedeuceshallIwriteabout?"-Hethought.2.Whatintheworlddoyoumean?

3.Whoonearth(intheworld)toldyouthat?4.Whothedevilishe?

5.Whatthedeuceisthematter?6.Whatthedickensisit?7.Whoeverwantsthis?

选择疑问句

句型［一般疑问句+or+一般疑问句］

1.Shallwecometoseeyouorwillyoucometoseeus?

2.AreyoufromtheSouthorfromtheNorth?3.WillhegoonMondayoronTuesday?

4.Didyouspeaktothem,ordidthemanager?5.Wheresthebank?ShouldIgothiswayorthatway?

句型［特指疑问句，+AorB?］

1."Whatwouldyoulike,ChineseorEuropeanfood?"-"Idontmindonewayortheother."

2.Whichwouldyouratherhave-steakorfish?3.Whowillbeyourteacher,Mr.BrownorMr.Cooper?

4.Wheredidyouspendyourleave:inShanghaiorinHangzhou?

5.Whenwillhegothere,tomorroworsomeotherday?

间接疑问句

句型［适当的主语+疑问关联词+从句(正常语序)］

1.Idliketoknowhowoldyouare.2.Heinquiredhowitwasdone.

3."GuesshowoldIam."-"Idsayyoureabouttwenty-three."4.Iaskyouwhatyouwant.

5.PleaseadvisemewhichbookIshouldreadfirst.6.Tellmewhyitissoimportant.

句型［适当的主语+if/whether+从句(正常语序)］

1.Isometimesaskmyselfthequestionwhetheritwasworththeeffort.

2.Iaskyouwhetheritistrueornot.3.SheaskedifIhadslept.4.Tellmewhetheryoulikeit.

5.Hevisitedusnextdayandaskedifwehadgothomesafe.6.Sheinquiredifhelikedthepost.

双重疑问句

句型一般疑问句+疑问关联词+从句(正常语序)］

1.Canyoutellmewherehehasgone?2.Haveyouanyideawherehelives?

3.MayIaskyouthenwhatyouwouldadvisemetodo?4.Doyouknowwholiveshere?

5.Doyouknowwhenhewasborn?

句型［疑问词+doyouthink/didyousay/canyouguess/doyousuppose+其他（正常语序)］

1.Whatwillbetheresult,doyouthink?

2."Howoldwereyouthen,Clyde,didyousay?""Betweenseventeenandeighteen."

3.Whendoyouthinkthemeetingwillbeheld?

4.Howmanybooks,canyouguess,didhebuytheotherday?

5.Whatdoyousupposeheshangingaroundhere?

修辞疑问句

句型［陈述句（肯定）+反问句（肯定）］

1.Wereoldfriends,notstrangers,right?2.Soyouvebeenabroad,haveyou?

3.Shesasweetlittlegirl,isshe?

4.Thelandreformhasjustreachedthestageofdecidingeveryonesclassstatus,soyoucomesuckingaround,doyou?

句型［疑问词+should+主语+动词原形+其他］

1.WhoshouldIseebutmyownbrother?2.Whoshouldtherebe?

3.Whyshouldthedoorbelocked?4.Who/WhomshouldIseeinthecourtyardbutMr.Smith?

5. "WhereisJane?"-"HowshouldIknow?"6.Whyshouldhebeangrywithme?

句型［Oh,/So+陈述句+反问句］

1.Oh,hesherenow,ishe?2.Oh,youtoldhimallaboutit,didyou?

3.Soyouvetheluggagetakentothestation,haveyou?

4.Soyouregoingabroad,areyou?

回响疑问句

句型［A:陈述句+B:疑问句（重复A句中的部分）］

1.A:Ididntlikethatmeal.B:Youdidntlikeit?（怀疑）

2."Imtired."-"Areyou?"（怀疑）3.A:TheBrownsareemigrating.B:Emigrating?（惊讶）

4.A:Itcostsixtydollars.B:Howmuchdiditcost?（惊讶）

5.A:Switchthelightoff,please.Ｂ:Switchthelightoff,yousay?/Switchwhatoff?（反对）

句型［A:疑问句+B:重述性疑问句］

1.A:Whatdoyouthinkofthepicture?B:WhatdoIthinkofit?（怀疑）

2.A:Howdidyouenjoythecarnival?B:HowdidIenjoywhat?（要求）

3.A:Howdidyouenjoyyourholidays?B:HowdidIenjoymyholidays?（考虑回答）

4.A:Haveyouborrowedmypen?B:(HaveI)Borrowedyourpen?（反驳）

陈述式疑问句

句型［任何陈述形式的疑问句（词序不变）］

1.Myfriendshere?2.Youwouldntseemeleftherealone?

3."Youfollowedus,then?"-"Whatsthattoyou?..."saidJones,"Gotothedevil!"

4.Atwomilliondollarbuilding,youcanttouchthewalls?

5."Youarenotill?"wasthequestionput,"Alittlesick,"repliedMissKeldar.

句型［…疑问词（在剧中任何位置上）］

1."Youusethatpositionasafavoritetoinsultagentleman."-"Toinsultawhat?"saidSteerforth.

2.Fivetimeswhatnumbermakestwenty?

3.Iaskedthecarrier,"Arewegoingallthewaythere?"-"Allthewaywhere?"askedthecarrier

4.Youretwenty-what(odd)thisyear?5.Hesyourwho?6.Yourwhoisasteel-worker?

7.Howoldachildcoulddrawthis?8.Heisyoursonofwhatnumber?

双重被动句

句型［主语+被动式谓语+被动不定式+其他］

1.Thedateisexpectedtobeannouncedsoon.

2.Thegatewasorderedtobeclosedatnineoclock.

3.Thebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutoftheroom.

4.Thesearmsaresupposedtohavebeenusedbypartisansduringtheanti-Japanesewar.

5.Thetaskisreportedtohavebeencompletedyesterday.

6.Theinstrumentsaresupposedtobeusedonlybyskilledworkers.

[注]H.W.Fowler说过，双重被动式，从文体学观点来看是应该尽量避免，因为从表面看来容易为类似的假象所混淆。如：(错)Thehousewasbeguntobebuilt.不是房子开始而是房子的建造开始。下列动词不适宜于本句型：attempt,decide,promise,seek,begin,hope,intend,propose,purpose,threaten等。

不可说：Theworkwasattemptedtobedonequickly.应当说：Anattemptwasmadetodotheworkquickly.

不可说：Hehasbeendecidedtobehelped.应当说：Ithasbeendecidedtohelphim.Ithasbeendecidedthatheshouldbehelped.

[附注]主动语态与被动语态互相转换时应注意的几点事项。

1）基本转换公式：省略。

2）转换时一般不得变更动词的时态。另下列各时式不能用于被动句中。

1.将来进行时2.现在完成进行时3.将来完成进行时4.过去完成进行时

3）被动句中by后接us,you,them,one时，by短语可以省略。

4）祈使句中使用被动式谓语很少见，以下各句可说是例外：Pleasebeseated.Betrustedratherthanfeared.

一般情况使用let帮助构成祈使句的被动语态。

Doonethingatatime.→Letonethingbedoneatatime.Givehimsomethingtoeat.→Letsomethingtoeatbegiven(to)him./→Lethimbegivensomethingtoeat.

5）在下列情况下，主动句不能转换成被动句。1.由于宾语的性质不用被动句：

A.当宾语是缺乏实义的代词it时，不能变，如：walkit,goit,fightitout

B.当宾语为反身代词时，不能变，如:(错)Himselfwasabsentedbyhim.

C.宾语前若有主语的物主代词时，不能变，如:(错)Hisfingeriscutbyhim.

D.当宾语是eachother或oneanother时不能变，如:(错)Eachotherishelpedbyus.

E.当宾语是不定式时，很少转用于被动句。不宜说：Togoiswantedbyme或Itiswantedbymetogo.

2.由于某些动词的性质不用被动句,这类动词有：become,befit,fail,last,resemble,suit,suffice,wish,disappear,lackwant,like,hate,possess,own,contain,have,happento,belongto,breakout,takeplace,setsail,shakehandswith,takepartin等。

3.当某些动宾关系十分紧密不可分割时不能变被动句。这种组合中的宾语大多表示工具、方式或结果，如：Sheleanedherelbowsonthetable.Hekeptsilence.Hetook(made)aflight.Theboydidnotloseheart.Nydiabowedhergratitude.

4.容易发生歧义的句子最好不用被动句，如：Thetalldoctorshookhishead.

6)有些被动句不能变成主动句，如：Hewaskilledinwar.Itissaidthatheisill.

一般判断句

句型［主语+系词be+表语］

1.Knowledgeispower.2.Whatsmineisyours,andwhatisyoursismine.

3."Whoareyou?"-"ItisI."4."WhoisI?"-"Pinocchio."

5.Heisagoodeaterandagoodsleeper.6.Sheisquitethebestdancer,Iknow.

7.Bensagoodrunner;fewseamenrunbetterthanBen.

8."Whatkindofsailorareyou?"-"Imnotmuchofasailor.

9.IknewIdontexpressmyselfproperly:Imabadhandatsentimentality.

10.Ourconferencehasbeenhighlysuccessful.

11.Thesuccessfulconvocationofthenationalscienceconferenceisamatterofgreatjoyforus.

[注1]除了报刊标题和一些谚语格言省略系词外，一般情况下系词是不可随便省略的。汉语说"东方红"，英语一定要用系词，说成"Theeastisred.""他很和气。"英语要说，"Heisverykind."，"你的表不对。"英语不能说"Yourwatchisnotcorrect.",只能说"Itsnotrighttimebyyourwatch."/"Yourwatchdoesnotkeepgoodtime."他是人民的死敌。"英语说"Heisthedeadlyenemyofthepeople."

[注2]英语中有些形容词只作表语用。常见的有：alive,alike,asleep,aware,fond,glad,faint,ill,wellunwell,afraid等等。另一方面要注意，有些形容词不能作表语，只能作定语用。主要有以下几种情况：

1）固定性词组中的形容词。可说"Heismyoldfriend."，不可说"Myfriendisold(或new)."可说"Heisacompletefool."，不可说，"Thefooliscomplete."

2）作强调语的形容词。可说"Itistheveryman."，不可说"Themanisvery."可说"Thisistheonlyoccasion."，不可说"Theoccasionistheonly."

3）起命名作用的关系形容词。可说"Heisanatomicspecialist."，不可说"Thespecialistisatomic."可说"Thisisawoolendress."，不可说"Thedressiswoolen."

句型［主语+mean+宾语或状语］

1.Sciencemeanshonest,solidknowledge.2.Difficultiesandhardshipsmeantnothingtothem.

3.Environmentmeansmuchtoachild.4.Yourfriendshipmeansagreatdealtome.

[注]除be,mean系词外还有become,make,grow,remain,feel,sound,smell,taste,prove,look,get,go,come,keep等。Hehasbecomeacommunist.Shewillmakeaverygoodathlete.NurturedbytheParty,hehasgrownintoagoodcadre

句型［主语+call/name+宾语+宾语补足语］［主语+be+called/named+主语补足语］

1.AnEnglishmancallshimselfyoungatfifty.2.Hecalledhismother"oldgirl",too.

3.WeallcallhimIronOx.4.WenamedhimJohn.5.HeiscalledbythenameofPaul.

6.Thisplaceisrightlycalledanearthlyparadise.7.Hewasnamedafterhisuncle.

句型［主语+regard等+宾语+as+宾语补足语］

1.Iregardhimasanobleman.2.Weregardeditasanhonor.

3.Donttreatcomradesasenemies.4.Welookonourjobasanhonor.

5.Welookuponouryouthasthefutureofourmotherland.

6.Heishonoredasamodelworker.7.Peoplerespectedhimasagreatpoet.

8.Thisroomservesastheoffice.9.TheydisguisedthemselvesasMarxists.

强调判断

句型［主语+be+nootherthan/nonebut+表语（强调内容）］

1.Thisisnootherthanmyoldfriend,John.

2.ThetallfigurethatIsawno/noneotherthanourcommander.

3.ThemanstandingbeforehimwasnoneotherthanthePartybranchsecretary.

4.OurPartysPolicyofcadresistoappointnonebutpeopleontheirmerit.

[注]类似的说法还有nobodyelse,"Isthatyou,Bumble?"-"Nobodyelse."AnsweredMr.Bumble.

句型［主语+be+nothing+(else)but/elsethan/lessthan+表语］

1.Geniusisnothingbutlaboranddiligence.2.Hitlerwasnothingbutapapertiger.

3.Thesituationisnothingelsebut(than)fine.4.Thatsnothinglessthanamiracle.

5.Whathetoldyouwasnothingelsethannonsense.

6.Hisfailurewasduetonothingelsethanhisowncarelessness.

7.Whatweexpectedisnothinglessthanatechnicalrevolution.

[注]相当于本句型的否定说法是"…beanythingbut…",译作"决不是"，如：

Heisanythingbutacoward.(=Heisnotacowardatall.)

句型［Itis/was+强调部分+that/who+从句］

1.Itispoliticalconsciousnessthatgivesvigortohiswritings.

2.Itwasowingtothevictoryoftherevolutionarywarof1776ledbyWashingtonthattheAmericanpeoplewonindependence.3.Itwasafterliberationthatweledahappylife.

4.ItwasinBeijingthatImethimforthefirsttime.

[注]除了以上句型表示强调外，还可以用以下方式来表达：

1）用very,only,certainly,ofcourse，tobesure等词语加强语气，如：

ThatstheverythingIneed.Thereportiscertainlyfalse.Heis,nodoubt,agoodpupil.

2)用"fromfirsttolast","outandout"(多用于反面)，"throughandthrough"(多用于正面)等成语加强语气，如：Itisadelusionfromfirsttolast…Heisatraitoroutandout.Heisarevolutionarythroughandthrough.

3)用准系词remain,continue等，如：Goldremainsgoldinthefurnaceofhistoryanddrossremainsdross.

4)有时用"…beneithermorenorlessthan…",(不多不少，十足)如：Itisneithermorenorlessthanalie.

弱势判断句

句型［主语+seem等感觉动词+表语］

1.Mycompanionlookedashamed."Well,"hesaid,"youwereright…"

2.Thesituationseemedquiteencouraging.3.Yoursentencedoesntsoundright.

4.Sheappearedquitetouchedatthewords.5.Ittastessweet.

6.Thecountryseemedtobegoingtothedogs.WarwiththeSouthorsecessionwasvaguelylookinginthedistance.

句型［主句+asif/asthough+从句（主语+虚拟式谓语）］

1.Youspokeasifyouhadbeenherebefore.2.IfeelasifIweretenyearsyounger.

3.Italmostseemedasifthegoodmanweretryingtoteachusallheknewatthislastlesson.

4.…hisexposedthroatlookedasifahalterwouldhavedoneitgood.

[注]在asif后面可以直接跟不定式，这是一种间缩的用法，如：Heopenedhislipsasiftosaysomething.

其次，在asif后面的谓语动词也有人用现在时的，如：Itlooksasifoursideis(或were)goingtowin.

句型［主语+may(+not)+be+表语+虚拟式谓语）］［Perhaps等副词+主语+谓语+其他］

1.Itmay(not)betrue.2."Thisfellow"hethought,"maynotbeascamp…"

3.Whatmonthisthis?-MaybeitsJuly.4.Perhapsyouareright.

5.Perhapssheisill.6.Itwillprobablybefinetomorrow.7.Possiblyitistrue.

句型［主语+be+itissaid,/asitwere,等+表语］

1.sheis,itissaid(或theysay),thebestpupilintheclass.

2.Peopleinthatvillage,itissaid(或theysay),areallkind-hearted.

3.Heisnotequaltothetask,asitwere.4.Heis,asitwere,awalkingdictionary.

5.Withtheilliterateaudience,hefelthimselfasitwerecastingpearlsbeforeswine.

6.Itisntaverygoodsuggestion,tosaytheleastofit.

[注]有两个词组容易与asitwere混淆，就是asitis,asitwas。这两个词组必须用在和它们的时态一致的句中。意思是"照现在的样子"，"照当时的样子"，但都引申译为"事实上"，如：Itisimpossibletocarryouttheplanasitis.

句型［主语+be+saidtobe/so-called/,whatiscalled,+表语］

1.HeissaidtobeanexcellentChinesescholar.2.Thisissaidtobethefinestparkinshanghai.

3.Thatisso-calledcivilizedworld.Thatisso-callednaturalism.

4.Heiswhatiscalled,apoet.Heis,whatiscalled,alivingdictionary.

注释判断句

句型［被说明的部分，+thatis(i.e.),/thatistosay,/namely(viz),/inotherwords+说明部分］

1.Mr.Greencametoseemenotlongago,thatis,onlylastweek.

2.We-thatistosay,JohnandI-intendtoresign.

3.Rulesofgrammarcannotbeprofitablystudiedintheabstract-thatistosay,withoutexamples.

4.Heisanoutstandingspecialist,thatistosay,heisbothredandexpert.

5.Wehavefivesenses,namely,sight,hearing,smell,taste,andtouch.

6.Amanshouldneverbeshamedtoownhehasbeeninthewrong,whichisbutsaying,inotherwords,thatheiswisertodaythanhewasyesterday.

7.IdonotknowMr.Flynn,i.e.,donotknowhimwellenoughtosayifheisabsolutelyreliable.

句型［被说明的部分，+tobemoreexact,/ormorecorrectly,/orrather+说明部分］

1.Threeweekstomorrow,tobemoreexact(ormorecorrectly),the10thofMayismybirthday.

2.Thisisapillar,ormorecorrectly,acolumn.3.Itisahutor,tobemoreexact,acowshed.

4.Histheory,orrather,hypothesis,wasnotunobjectionable.

5.Wegothomelatelastnight,orrather,earlythismorning.

正反判断句

句型［主语+be+not+表语A,+but+表语B］/［主语+be+表语B+and(或but)not+表语A］

1.Iamveryill,notbodily,butmentally.

2.WhatIadmireinColumbusisnothishavingdiscoveredaworld,buthishavinggonetosearchforitonthefaithofanopinion.

3.Thetragedyisnotinnotknowing,butinnotknowingthatyoudontknow.

4.TheMarxist-Leninisttheoryisnotadogma,butaguidetoaction.

5.Heisanordinaryworker,andnotacadre.

6.Itisyours,andnotmine.(=itisnotmine,butyours.)

句型［(Itis)not…that(who)…,but…that(who)…］

1.(Itis)NotthatIdislikethework,butthatIhavenotime.

2.Notthatweareafraidofdifficulties,butthattheyareafraidofus.

3.Itisnotheroesthatmakehistory,buthistorythatmakesheroes,andthat,consequently,itisnotheroeswhocreatepeople,butthepeoplewhocreateheroesandmovehistoryonward.

句型［Sofarfrombeing+表语，主语+谓语+其他］

1.Sofarfrombeingahelp,hewashindrance.2.Sofarfrombeingtrue,thenewsisfalse.

3.Sofarfrombeingashamedofit,hegloriesinit.

[注]在一般陈述句中仅用farfrom也可以表示一正一反的意义,如:Farfrompraisinghim,Imustpositivelyblamehim.

句型［主语+seem等感觉动词+表语，+but+inreality/infact/inessence+…］

1.Thatsoundsallright,butinrealityitisnot.

2.Thismayseemabadthing,butinrealityitisagoodthing

3.Helooksignorant,butinfactheisveryclever.

4.Thetwothingsthoughsimilarinformaredifferentinessence.

5.Heappearstobewell,butreallyheisratherill.

6.HethinkshimselfaswiseasSolomon,butinrealityheisacompletefool.

[注]insteadof可以用来表示正反判断，如：Wemustworkhardinsteadofspendingourtimeidly.

比较判断句

句型［主语+be+less表语A+than+表语B］/［主语+be+more表语B+than+表语A］

1.Experienceshowsthatsuccessisduelesstoabilitythantozeal.Thewinnerishewhogiveshimselftohiswork,bodyandsoul.

2.Itisevenmoreapicturethanapoem.3.Heismoreshythan(heis)unsocial.

4.Ariverthatcarriessomuchsiltpercubicmeter(590kilograms-overhalfaton)ismorelikeliquidlandthanwater

[注1]more后面如果跟形容词，形容词要用原级，如：（正）Hewasmoreangrythanfrightened.

(误)Hewasmoreangrierthanfrightened.(误)Hewasangrierthanfrightened.

[注2]成语"moredeadthanalive"(劳累已极、累得要死)是一种夸张的说法，原意是"与其说还活着，不如说是死了。"如："Oliver,moredeadthanalive,couldanswerYes.

句型［主语+be+表语B+ratherthan+表语A］

1.Heisanordinaryworkerratherthanacadre.2.Heisratherdiligentthanclever.

3.Thepatientwasworseratherthanbetter.4.Heisanartistratherthanaphilosopher.

句型［主语+be+notsomuch+表语A+as+表语B］

1.Heisnotsomuchascholarasawriter.(notsomuch…as=less…than)

2.Itisnotsomuchthebeingexemptfromfaults,ashavingovercomethem,thatisanadvantagetous.

3.Itisnotsomuchadviceasapprovalthatheseeks.

[注]该句型也常用于行为动词作谓语的句子中。如：Amansworthliesnotsomuchinwhathehasasinwhatheis.

Theoceansdonotsomuchdividetheworldasuniteit.

互斥判断句

句型主语+be+(either)表语A+or+表语B］/［(Either)主语A+or+主语B+be+表语］

1.Heoryouaremistaken.Youorheismistaken.

2.Heisattheofficeorattheworkshop.3.Eitheryourbrakesoryoureyesightisatfault.

4.Itiswrongtoregardourworkeitherastotallygoodorascompletelybad.

5.EitherheisrightorIam.(=EitherheorIamright.)

[注]该句型可以采用简易方式："Ifitisnot…itis…"如：ifitisnottakingthesocialistroad,itistakingthecapitalistroad.

⑴this/that/these/those/last/next/a/every/each等词构成的时间短语,前面不用任何介词。如：EveryyeartravellersfromabroadcometovisitPingyao.(每年都有国外的游客来游览平窑镇)/Hehadabadcoldthatweek.(那个星期他患重感冒)

⑵for有时用来引出动词不定式的逻辑主语,常翻译成"对于…而言"。如：Itstoohardformetofinishtheworkinonlyonehour.(让我在区区一个小时内完成这项工作太难了)/Thehouseisbigenoughfor10mentolivein.(房子够大的可以容10个人住)

⑶of有时用来表示后面的人物正好是前面的表语的逻辑主语。如：Itsverynice/kindofyoutodoso.(你这么做真是太好了)

⑷介词有时会与它的宾语分离,而且宾语前置。

①当宾语是疑问词时。Whoareyoutalkingabout?(你们在谈论谁？)

②宾语在从句中当连接词时。Hehasayoungerbrotherwhohemusttakegoodcareof.(他有一个需要他照顾的小弟。)/Doyouknowwhoourteacheristalkingwithoverthere?(你知道我们的老师在那边和什么人谈话吗？)

③动词不定式作定语且该动词为不及物动词,后面有介词。Ifinallyfoundachairtositon.(我最终找到了一张椅子坐。)

(5)记住一些固定词组：arriveat/in(到达…),onfoot(步行),not…atall(根本不),tothenorthof(在…以北),intheeastof(在…的东部),inthenight(在夜间),atnight(在晚上),beafraidof(害怕…),befullof(充满/装满….),befilledwith(充满/装满….),begood/badfor(对…有益/有害),bemadeof(由…做成),bemadefrom(由…制造),playwith(玩耍……),lookoutof(朝…外面看),attheendof(在…末梢/结束时),bytheendof(不迟于…/到…末为止),withthehelpof或withoneshelp(在…的帮助下),lookafter(照料…),lookfor(寻找…),onabike(=bybike)骑车,helpsb.with(帮某人做…),geton(well)with(与某人相处[融洽]),等等。

表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。

with+名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语

举例:Hestoodthere,hishandraised.

=Hestoodthere,withhishandraise.

典型例题

Themurderwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback。

A.beingtied B.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied

答案D.with+名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D.

注意:

1)独立主格结构使用介词的问题：

当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但with的复合结构不受此限制

Arobberburstintotheroom,knifeinhand.

(hand前不能加his)。

2)当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分词，不及物动词用过去分词。

Helaythere,histeethset,hishandclenched,hiseyeslookingstraightup.

典型例题：

Weather___,wellgooutforawalk.

Apermitted Bpermitting Cpermits Dforpermitting

答案B.本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。句中使用了逗号，且we小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构，其结构为：名词+分词。由于permit在这里翻译为天气允许，表主动，应用现在分词，故选B。

如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式，不妨将句子改为条件句，例如本句改为Ifweatherpermits,wellgooutforawalk.然后将if去掉，再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。

有时，不同的比较结构可以表示相同的意思，因此，它们可以相互转换。

1.notas/so……as与less……than的转换

Theplacewasnotas/socrowdedasitusuallyisyesterday.

Theplacewaslesscrowdedthanitusuallyisyesterday.

昨天，这个地方不像平常那样挤满了人。

2.more……than与less……than,notas/so…as的转换

Yourpictureismorebeautifulthanhis.

Hispictureislessbeautifulthanyours.

Hispictureisntas/sobeautifulasyours.

你的画比他的好看。

3.最高级与more……than,no……morethan的转换

Mathisthemostdifficultsubjectofall.

Mathismoredifficultthananyothersubject.

Nosubjectismoredifficultthanmath.数学是所有学科中最难的。

现在进行时在句式的变化上，都应在助动词be上做文章。

1、肯定式：be（am,is,are）+Ving(现在分词)如：

TheyarehavinganEnglishclass.他们在上英语课。

2、否定式：be(am,is,are)+not+Ving(现在分词)如：

TheyarenthavinganEnglishclass.他们不在上英语课。

3、疑问式：将be的具体形式（即am,is或are）提前到句首。如：

AretheyhavinganEnglishclass？他们在上英语课吗？

助动词变化口诀：变疑问，往前提，句后问号莫丢弃；变否定，更容易，be后not莫忘记。

由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化。

(1)一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词。如：

RiceisgrowninsouthChina.华南种植水稻。

(2)一般过去时：was/were+过去分词。如：

Theglasswasbrokenyesterday.这块玻璃是昨天打烂的。

(3)现在进行时：am/is/arebeing+过去分词。如：

Theprojectisbeingcarriedout.这个计划正在执行中。

(4)过去进行时：was/were/being+过去分词。如：

Thisroadwasbeingbuiltthistimelastyear.这条路去年这个时候还在修建。

(5)一般将来时：willbe+过去分词。如：

Thecarswillbesentabroadbysea.这些汽车将由水路运往国外。

(6)过去将来时：wouldbe+过去分词。如：

Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear.经理说这个工程在年底前将会完成。

(7)现在完成时：have/hasbeen+过去分词。如：

Thisnovelhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages.这本小说已被译成了几种语言。

(8)过去完在时：hadbeen+过去分词。如：

WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.我到达剧院时，发现票已卖完了。

1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。

3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。

举例：

Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.

=Whenthetestwasfinished,webeganourholiday.

考试结束了，我们开始放假。

Thepresidentassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.

=Afterthepresidentwasassassinated,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.

总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。

Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.

如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。

Thisdone,wewenthome.

工作完成后，我们才回家。

Themeetinggoneover,everyonetiredtogohomeearlier.

会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。

Hecameintotheroom,hisearsredwithcold.

他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。

Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.

他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆。

中考英语知识点：Therebe句型

Therebe句型表示某个地方存在某物或某人，可译为“有”。be动词的单复数必须依主语的变化而变化。如：

Therewasapictureinthemagazine.

Therearemanycommonmethodsusedtocookfish.

Therebe句型中需要注意的几点：

1.Therebe句型表示“存在……”，不表示所属关系。

2.Therebe句型中的be应和紧随其后出现的主语在数上一致，即遵循“就近原则”。

3.谓语动词be也可被一些不及物动词代替，如live，stand，exist，remain等。如：

Therelivesafamilyoffiveinthevillage.

Thereremainsnothingmoretobedone.

4.Therebe句型的否定句有两种构成方式，一种是将否定副词not放在be之后，另一种是在主语前加上不定代词no。如：

Thereisntapolicemanonthestreet.

Therearenopicturesonthewall.